The precursor was prepared by sol?gel method using ammonium molydate tetrahydrate [(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O] as molybdenum source,nickle nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO3)2·6H2O] as nickel source and H3PO4 as phosphorus source.NiMoP/C composites were then prepared by a following CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method.The physical and chemical properties of NiMoP/C composites were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,XPS,Raman,N2?adsorption desorption and other test techniques. Meanwhile,the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of the NiMoP/C composite material was measured by CV,LSV, EIS,etc.The results show that the NiMoP/C composite material has high electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance with overpotential of -158 mV at the current density of -10 mA/cm2 and Tafel slope of 111 mV/dec. So the NiMoP/C material is an excellent anode material suitable for electrolyzing water in acidic media due to its simply electrode preparation process preparation method.
In order to understand the temperature characteristic of complex modulus,the correlation between the double logarithms of complex modulus and expressions at different temperatures was studied through ten original asphalts produced by two kinds of crude oil as well as these asphalts after RTFOT and PAV.For the first time,through correlation between the slope and intercept of linear fitting correlation,the optimized mathematics formulas between complex modulus and temperature were determined. Mathematics models for different aging stages were established. Mathematics models are simple,accurate,and practical and show universal applicability by comparing measured data at single temperature with predicted data of three asphalts produced by the third crude oil.The data predicted by mathematics model meet the requirements of reproducibility precision of the test method of complex modulus.
Tahe asphaltene (TA) was separated into heavy component(TA1) and light component (TA2). The surface morphology, crystal structure and functional group structure of TA, TA1 and TA2 were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X?ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT?IR) and 1H?Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrum (1H?NMR). The results show that TA has less long?chain structure, more branched chains in side chains, and is mainly composed of short branched alkyl structure such as methyl, ethyl and propyl. Sub?components TA1 and TA2 show obviously different microstructure after separated from TA. TA1 has the highest degree of graphitization, the longest branched chain, more side?chains of aromatic ring, less branched chains of alkyl side?chains and relatively strong aromaticity, while TA2 has lower degree of graphitization, more branched chains of alkyl side?chains, less side?chains of aromatic ring and relatively weak aromaticity.
WO x /SBA?15 catalysts with different loading amounts were prepared by wet impregnation method, and the effect of WO x dispersion on the olefin disproportionation reaction was discussed.The results show that the loading amount affects the dispersion of WO x on the carrier surface, as well as the catalytic activity.The best catalytic performance of WO x /SBA?15 can be achieved with 10% loading amount of WO x .The higher loading amount of WO x could induce aggregation of WO x on the SBA?15 surface, and then covering the active sites.The weaving properties of the samples were characterized by physical adsorption,XRD,SEM,and the acidity and acid amount of the samples were characterized by pyridine IR and chemisorption. Reaction evaluation shows that the sample with 10% loading amount of WO x exhibits the best catalytic activity.The propylene yield of the 10% WO x /SBA?15 catalyst is up to 50% and the propylene selectivity is nearly 90%.
SiO2?CeO2 carriers were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method,and CuO?SiO2?CeO2 catalysts were synthesized by impregnation method with active component CuO.The carriers and catalysts were characterized by XRD,BET and H2?TPR methods.The effects of the addition amount of SiO2 for the specific surface area of the catalyst and the catalytic performance of the catalysts in methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production were also investigated.The obtained results indicated that appropriate addition of SiO2 can increase the specific surface area of the support and catalyst,reduce reduction temperature of the active component CuO,and increase the conversion rate of CH3OH.When the amount of SiO2 is 2.5%,the specific surface area of CuO5.0%?SiO22.5%?CeO2 is 112.8 m2/g,and the conversion rate of CH3OH is 75.1%.Both of the specific surface of the catalyst and the conversion rate of CH3OH will decrease with the content of SiO2 continue to improving in the catalyst.
Using Ni and Mo as active components and Al2O3?USY as support material, the effect of citric acid on the catalytic activity of NiMoP was investigated. The results indicate that the total acid content on the surface of catalyst increases at first and reaches its maximum in the condition of nL/nNi=1.0, then decreases as the increasing concentration of citric acid. Meanwhile, the stacking layer number of active phase MoS2 and the average lamellar length are gradually increased. When the mole ratio of citric acid to Ni is 1.0(nL/nNi=1.0), the catalyst shows the best activity. And the HDS and HDN rate at 340 ℃ reach to 99.6% and 99.7% respectively, which are better than the catalyst without modifying by citric acid.
With the rise of the textile industry, the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater has grown up to be a hot spot in the industry. The key is how to efficiently separate organic dyes and inorganic salts. Due to its loose membrane structure, the loose nanofiltration membrane has a high dye rejection rate and good salt permeability, which has unique advantages in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater. Article focuses on the research progress in the preparation of loose nanofiltration membranes by phase inversion. The effect of nanomaterial modification the performance of the prepared loose nanofiltration membranes. The existing problems are analyzed, and the future research direction of using phase inversion method to make loose nanofiltration membrane is prospected.
Shape memory polymer (SMP) and self?healing polymer (SHP) as the representative of "smart" polymers have become the most dynamic research direction in this field,among which photosensitive SMP and SHP have been received wide attentions by industry and academia.This paper reviews the basic principles of photosensitive SMP and SHP, and classifies this type of polymers into reversible photochemical reaction SMP,photothermal SMP,photodimerization reaction SHP,photocrosslinking reaction SHP,and bifunctional SMP/SHP by referencing the most important and representative literature reports in recent years.
Cu?Cr modified activated carbon adsorbent was prepared by equal volume impregnation method.Using simulated coke oven gas as testing material,the effects of different transition metal active components and their loadings,different additives and loadings,calcination temperature on the removal activity of COS were investigated.The Cu?Cr modified adsorbent was characterized by X?Ray Diffraction (XRD), specific surface area (BET) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the activated carbon modified simultaneously by Cu and Cr has the best adsorption performance of COS for coke oven gas, and the optimized preparation conditions of Cu?Cr modified activated carbon adsorbent are as follows: Cu and Cr loading is 5.0%, and 1.5% respectively, calcination temperature is 400 ℃. When the reaction temperature is 10 ℃, the breakthrough sulfur capacity of the modified activated carbon adsorbent is 1.47%, and the Cu?Cr modified activated carbon adsorbent shows good recycling performance. The characterization results indicate that CuO and Cr2O3 metal oxides are uniformly loaded on the activated carbon, and the specific area and pore volume of the adsorbent decrease after deactivation.
The UV shielding properties and photocatalytic properties of nanomaterials will vary due to the different surface binding energies of the materials themselves.Nano?zinc oxide (NPs?ZnO),nano?ceria (NPs?CeO2), NPs?ZnO/CeO2 and graphene oxide modified zinc oxide/ceria nanocomposites (NPs?ZnO/CeO2@GO) were prepared,and the prepared samples were characterized by XRD,FT?IR,SEM,and the UV shielding properties and photocatalytic properties were tested. The results show that the UV shielding ability: NPs?ZnO<NPs?CeO2<NPs?ZnO/CeO2<NPs?ZnO/CeO2@GO, the maximum degradation rate of methylene blue dye after 3 h treatment is:NPs?ZnO/CeO2@GO(0.92)>NPs?ZnO(0.89)>NPs?ZnO/CeO2(0.75))>NPs?CeO2(0.66).Moreover,the photocatalytic activity of NPs?ZnO/CeO2@GO is stronger than other photocatalysts participating in the experiments.
In view of the demand of sand and water control technology for high water?cut sand producing oil wells in Bohai oilfield,and the limitations of the current integrated technology of mechanical sand and water control, the technical route of integrating sand and water control with the application of flooding?sensitive gel is proposed.The feasibility of the integrated technology of selective water and sand control was demonstrated through testing the sand and water control performance of the flooding?sensitive gel. Based on the evaluation of the adaptability of the flooding?sensitive gel to the reservoir conditions and production conditions,the adaptability range of the flooding?sensitive gel for sand control and water control was clarified. Then the integrated technology of thickened gel for sand and water control was finally formed.The results show that the reservoir permeability damage and sand production rate can be controlled within 13% and 0.03%,respectively.The reservoir and water layer can be selectively blocked. The adaptability evaluation results showed that the temperature resistance of the flooding?sensitive gel was higher than 80 ℃, the salinity was 45 000 mg/L,and the maximum extraction strength was 257.6 m3/（d
Formation damage control of Hutubi underground gas storage (UGS) presents a serious challenge due to low formation pressure coefficient and reservoir deep invasion of wellbore working fluid under large pressure difference during drilling and completion. Mineral composition analysis, expansion capacity, wettability and permeability reduction after spontaneous imbibition measurement of reservoir rocks were conducted to reveal formation damage mechanism of Hutubi UGS. That is the clay minerals hydrated swell and dispersion of water?sensitive formation and water?blocking effect of tight sand reservoir. Drilling fluid technical countermeasure of improving inhibition, weakening liquid wettability and enhancing temporary plugging was put forward. Amine inhibitor and surfactant ABSN were selected to optimize the current used drilling fluid. Temporary plugging particle size fraction distribution was determined based on the “optimal filling” bridging plugging theory. Laboratory and field evaluation show that the optimized drilling fluid is suitable for perforation and screen pipe completion with a permeability recovery more than 90% and effective inhibition of clay swell. The results provide reference for improving formation damage control effect of depleted gas reservoir drilling and completion.
