The hierarchical zeolite has become a hotspot in the current molecular sieve research field due to its advantages of efficient mass transfer and shape selection catalysis.The unclear mass transfer optimization mechanism has become a bottleneck restricting the design and development of hierarchical zeolite.This paper briefly introduces recent research and development status of the hierarchical zeolite,reviewes with emphasis the research progress in mass transfer mechanism of Hierarchical zeolite,the current research challenges and the analysis of current research strategy etc,and discussed the significance of mass transfer mechanism in the research and development of graded porous molecular sieve materials and the prospect of future development.

According to anti?Bredt rule,if olefin strain (OS) of alkene with double bond in bridgehead is less than 71 kJ/mol,it can be isolated at room temperature.The OS of bicyclo[4.2.1]?1(8)?nonylene is less than 71 kJ/mol,conforming with anti?Bredt rule.A novel synthetic route of gram?scalable bicyclo[4.2.1]?1(8)?nonylene was reported,which was synthesized in seven steps with 17% overall yield,characterized by starting from 2?cycloheptenone using a vinyl magnesium bromide?mediated 1,4?conjugation as addition and an intramolecular Wittig reaction as the key steps.Different from the previous synthesis,the raw materials used in this method are all commercially available,which avoids the synthesis of raw materials themselves and simplifies the synthesis route.In addition,intramolecular Wittig reaction is used as the key reaction to avoid the generation of isomers.It is very challenging to synthesize alkene with double bond in bridgehead because of their high strain energy and instability.However, development of synthetic routes for such compounds is of great significance for further study of their chemical properties and application.

Titanium metal?organic frameworks (MIL?125(Ti)) were used as the core and shell materials.On this basis,a core?shell material with larger and more uniform particle size denoted as MIL?125(Ti) coated MIL?125(Ti) (MOFs@MOFs) was synthesized by the epitaxial growth method, which was then calcined to obtain micron?sized chromatographic packing TiO₂.The preparation conditions,incuding adding amount of core materials,dilution times of shell solution,reaction time,and coating layers,were investigated,which were optimized to be that the amount of core was 30 mg,the shell solution should not be diluted,the reaction time was 24 h,and the coating layer was 1 layer.The results showed that the anatase TiO₂ materials with a specific surface area of 76.0 m²/g,a particle size of about 7 μm,and a thickness of about 2.5 μm,were successfully prepared by MOFs@MOFs,The synthesized TiO₂ not only retained the excellent performance of MOFs@MOFs but also featured a large particle size and adjustable porous structure.In addition,the method was easy to operate without demanding synthesis conditions,and had strong operability.

Potassium?cerium?lanthanum composite oxide catalyst was prepared by citric acid complexing combustion method.The influence of reaction conditions on catalyst activity was studied by temperature programmed reaction (TPR).The optimal reaction conditions during catalytic oxidation process of soot particles were investigated and determined.The contribution of each reaction condition to catalyst activity was analyzed and compared.The results show that the increase of O₂ concentration and catalyst?carbon ratio in exhaust gas are beneficial to the catalytic oxidation of soot particles.In the process of soot oxidation, the lower heating rate is more beneficial to improve the catalytic performance of the catalyst.The existence of water will partially deactivate the K?Ce?La composite oxide catalyst,which can be regenerated after drying.K?Ce?La composite oxide has good tolerance to the fluctuation of exhaust gas flow in a certain range.The contributions of reaction conditions to the catalytic activity of K?Ce?La composite oxides are as follows:catalyst?carbon ratio>contact mode>heating rate>water content>O₂ concentration>tail gas flow rate.

A demulsifier DW1 was prepared by emulsion copolymerization.The demulsifier DW1 was characterized by FT?IR,GPC,¹H?NMR,¹³C?NMR and particle size analysis.The demulsification experiment using DW1 as demulsification system was carried out with Xinjiang sludge as the target treatment object,and the sludge before and after treatment was analyzed by sem.The results showed that the synthetic demulsifier DW1 had M_w of 13.9×10⁵ and M_n of 8×10⁵,molecular weight distribution index of 1.73,D₅₀ of 26.00 μm,average particle size of 25.00 μm,non?uniform particle size distribution,and good stability of DW1.The demulsification experiment shows that the oil removal rate of DW1 on a Xinjiang oil field can reach 99.55%.

14 kinds of sewage with different water quality were used for the indoor fluidity experiments. The adverse impact degree of different sewage to the cores was classified into high, middle and low, according to the the permeability loss rate. The results show that the factors affecting the permeability loss degree of cores are as followes: suspended sediment concentration > oil content > salt?resistant polymer concentration > common polymer concentration. Sewage with higher residual salt?resistant polymer concentration has strong plugging capacity. For the cores with air permeability of 200 mD, when suspended sediment concentration is 10 mg/L and oil content is 10 mg/L, the polymer concentration of salt?resistant polymer flooding sewage should be controlled below 200 mg/L, while the polymer concentration of common polymer flooding sewage should be controlled below 300 mg/L, in order to ensure the low degree of the damage to reservoir caused by sewage reinjection, The results of this work has a positive effect on the reservoir protection and water quality index of salt?resistant polymer flooding sewage reinjection.

Years of waterflooding researches show that Yangdachengzi reservoir possessing the same permeability level with Fuyu reservoir, has some severely problems, such as more rapid increasing of water cut, higher water injection pressure and poorer development effect. In order to study the influence factors for these problems, micro pore structure of Yangdachengzi reservoir was investigated. Firstly, the micro pore structure of 18 natural cores in Yangdachengzi and Fuyu reservoirs with different permeability levels, including throat radius, pore radius, pore throat ratio and coordination number were compared using CT scanning and constant velocity mercury injection technology respectively, in order to find out the distribution frequency and variation rules of micro pore structure. Then, the most controlling micro pore structure parameter affecting reservoir permeability was investigated using multi parameter linear regression analysis method. Finally, the pore structure parameters were compared with those of Fuyu oil layer with the same permeability level to explain the reasons for poor physical properties and difficult development of Yangdachengzi oil layer. The results show that the average pore radius difference is less than 1% between the Yangdachengzi and Fuyu reservoir with the same reservoir permeability, while the throat radius, pore throat ratio, coordination number and other microscopic pore structure parameters exhibit significant differences of 17.4%, 8.9% and 5.2% respectively, which are the key factors determining the reservoir seepage capacity.

Most of PI formation reservoir in Daqing Oilfield has entered the subsequent water flooding stage, the cumulative recovery rate is about 57%, and more than 40% of geological reserves are still reserved in underground. After polymer flooding, the dominant seepage channels of PI formation reservoir appeared generally, but the inefficient circulation exist and get more serious. Based on coring, well logging and injection?production dynamic changing data, it is found that the dominant seepage channels are mainly formed at the bottom of the PI2 and PI3 units vertically, as well as interior of channel sandbodies on the plane parallelling to the paleocurrent direction. The thickness of the dominant seepage channel accounts for 10.6%, the remaining reserves 7.8%, and the water absorption proportion as high as 60.2%. In order to effectively block the dominant seepage channel after polymer flooding and decrease the inefficient circulation, PPG particles with high elasticity and strength were developed. The results of indoor flow experiments show that PPG particles have superior shear resistance performance and can flow into the deep reservoir to block the dominant seepage channel. The oil displacement experiments indicate that the enhanced oil recovery of PPG / weak base ASP flooding system can reach 15.6%, which is 3.3% higher than that of weak base ASP flooding, saving 28% of polymer consumption. The results in provide strong technical support for the continuous and efficient development of oilfield.

Serious well collapse in the 2h well horizontal section of a CFD oilfield took place during drilling in carbonaceous mudstone before landing. In order to satisfy the requirements of drilling the rest wells, the analysis of drilling collapse and the research on anticollapse countermeasures were carried out. By investigating the correlation between drilling fluid performance and wellbore collapse,bedding structure and clay minerals, the low drilling mud density, and the poor performance of plugging and anti?swelling were determined to the main factors leading to the well collapse. From the point of view of mechanical countermeasures, the relationship curve between well deviation and collapse pressure were established based on the strength anisotropy model, for the future selection of mud density. In view of chemical countermeasures, 1% inhibitor along with 5% calcium carbonate and 1% nano?materials as plugging agents were added in the drilling fluid. The results show that the cuttings roller recovery using optimized drilling fluid could reach to 91.39%, the dynamic HTHP filtrate loss performance be decreased by 22.41%. The point load strength of the optimized drilling fluid is only 13.60%, which is superior to the original one of 32.45%.The research results can provide reference for solving the problem of lack of physical data and urgent need of anti?sloughing measures.

The flow field datributions of the hydrocyclone such as static pressure, tangential velocity and turbulent dissipation rate by loading PBM model and the conventional model, respectively. The results show that the two methods are approximately the same in the prediction of flow field characterics. Therefore, the CFD numerical simulation method based on the PBM model was used to simulate the separation characteristics of the hydrocyclone numerically. And the effects of the factors such as inlet flow rate, overflow split ratio, oil phase viscosity and density on the oil droplet size distribution and oil?water separation characteristics are explored. The results indicate that the separation efficiency of hydrocyclone increases firstly and then decreases with the rising of the inlet flow rate, and reaches a maximum efficiency of 98% as the processing capacity is 4 m³/h; the increase of the overflow split ratio is beneficial to improve separation efficiency; the radial force on the oil droplets decreases with the increasing of the viscosity of the oil phase, preventing aggregation and significantly reducing the separation efficiency as well; the higher density of the oil phase leads to larger the average oil droplet diameter of the tail pipe section and a reduced separation efficiency. Above all, the CFD?PBM numerical simulation method can be used to investigate the particle size distribution and variation characteristics of oil droplets in hydrocyclone, in order to reveal the separation mechanism of the hydrocyclone from different scales.

Because of the ineffective dilution process of heavy oil of the primary mixers, the face type spiral blade was selected as the mixing element and the dynamic impeller was added as well, in order to enhance the shear capacity and rotation frequency of the blade. The two parameters of blade pitch and power impeller that effect the mixing effect of the dynamic mixer were numerically simulated and analyzed using the CFD simulation software. Taking the volume distribution of thin oil in the tube as the evaluation standard, the influence of geometric structure of the mixing element to performances of the mixer during the mixing process was studied. The results show that if the blade pitch is too small, it will hinder the flow of fluid in the tube causing the decrease of mixing rate, and if it is too large, it will cause the fluid forward channeling. Much fewer power impellers will reduce the frequency of component rotation, but much more ones will hinder the forward flow of fluid. Finally, the mixing performance of the novel optimized follow?up dynamic mixer was compared with the original mixer. The volume distribution of the thin oil in the new follow?up dynamic mixer is more uniform, which can greatly enhance the mixing effect of thick oil, and is also beneficial to the exploitation of heavy oil resources.

Out?of?plane instability is one of the common instability forms of arc?shaped arched spanning pipelines. In this work, the ANSYS software was used to simulate the impact of wind and vertical distributed load on arc?shaped arch pipes under normal conditions. The influence of the arch foot displacement on the limit vertical distributed load is analyzed by finite element calculation. The analysis results show that the horizontal displacement of the arch foot has the greatest impact on the limiting vertical distributed load, which will rapidly decrease the displacement, the limiting vertical distributed load decreases linearly with the increase of wind load under the same horizontal arch foot displacement, and under different wind loads, the limiting arch plane displacement of the arch is concentrated within a certain range of the horizontal displacement of the arch toe, which can be used to monitor the arch tube deformation. Based on the above results, this work provides a certain reference basis for the design and safely operating of the crossing pipeline.

Middle?deep strata of Bohai oilfield is the focus of further exploration and development, of which Bozhong X is a typical mid?deep oil and gas field. The main reservoir with dense lithology and strong abrasiveness is stored for more than 4 000 m depth, resulting in much more complex situations during the early drilling stage, which seriously restricted the reservoir exploration process. In order to solve the problems of complex pressure, serious tool choke and slow penetration rate in the deep?medium strata, this work figured out TorkBuster and Ninja teeth PDC bit efficiency improvement technology and its corresponding applications, using stratigraphic features of Bozhong X oil and gas field as a research sample. The rock breaking mainly involves combination of crushing and rotary shearing, which is mainly used to improve the drilling speed while ensuring the well quality. The TorkBuster with special Ninja teeth PDC bit in BZ?E well can properly overcome the high hardness and compact of granite gneiss, which can increase the drilling speed and prolong the service life of the bit at the same time. It provides a new method for improving the drilling speed in the deep?medium strata of Bohai oilfield and saving drilling cost.

In order to solve the problem of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission in the open sewage tank of oilfield stations, this work introduces the calculation methods for VOCs, including the material balance method, ground concentration inversion method, emission coefficient method, and analog estimation method. Besides, the recycle of VOCs in different enclosed?sewage pools, such as reinforced concrete, color steel plate, glass steel plate, reverse hanging membrane and full wetted floating cover, were proposed. The results indicate that the material balance method and the ground concentration inverse method are recommended for a more accurate VOCs content calculation. In contrast, the emission coefficient method and the analogy estimation method are more suitable for a rough VOCs content calculation. In the project of the sewage tank, the anti?hanging membrane sealing scheme was suggested, due to its lower cost, convenient construction, good airtightness, and beautiful appearance. A volatilized gas recovery device can be used to collect the volatilized VOCs in the completely sealed sewage tank, because of its advantages in lower cost and a simpler process.

Some strategies for improvement of the key technology of testing?adjusting integrated separate injection technology have been investigated, due to much lower efficiency of conventional testing?adjusting integrated separate injection technology, which cannot accomplish layered static pressure testing. Through optimizing the string structure to improve the pressure balance during water injection, the creep of the string caused by the large displacement water injection is reduced. Design of the bridge channel of the water distributor greatly increases the flow area,reduces the interlayer interference, and further improves the testing?adjusting efficiency. Meanwhile, the pressure hole is added in the water distributor body to establish stratum?tubing pressure transfer channel, and the static pressure testing instrument is equipped for further testing of the layered static pressure. The improved technology works well in application, the deployment efficiency has been significantly improved, which takes only 5 hours to complete the deployment of 6 layers. The overpressure layer can be successfully picked out during the layered static pressure test, which provides a basis for the layered injection allocation adjustment. The adaptability of the improved technology in Bohai oilfield is significantly enhanced.