Purification Process of Alkylbenzene Sulfonates
Wang Shuai, Guo Lanlei, Zhu Yangwen,et al
2017, 30 (4): 1-5. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.001
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 3214KB ) ( ) 　　
        Combined with synchronized monitoring techniques, the active constituent in the sample of alkylbenzene sulfonates was separated and purified by liquidliquid extraction method. The results showed that the active constituent with higher purity can be obtained and the content data were more accurate adopting the present optimized purification process. Meanwhile, the residual content of active constituent of alkylbenzene sulfonates in the coexist constituents, such as unsulfonated oil, inorganic salts etc. was less than 1% of the total active amount. The content of active constituent of alkylbenzene sulfonates increased from about 39% to 48% compared to the purification process that is usually used previously.  
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Study on Phase Holdup in 130 L Annular HelicalFlow Airlift Loop Reactor
GuoQiuli,ZhaoDezhi,LiuYongmin,SongGuanlong,et al
2017, 30 (4): 6-11. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.002
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 3000KB ) ( ) 　　
        The local phase holdup in 130 L helicalflow airlift loop reactor was studied for the scaleup of residual slurry reactor. Different operation conditions, including superficial gas velocity, the bottom gap, solid loading, different types of draft tube, and ethanol addition were adopted to demonstrate their effects on phase holdup for airwater717 type anion exchange resin system. The results show that as the gas velocity and the amount of ethanol added increase, the local gas holdup in the riser increases. It decreases with the increasing of solid loading. As bottom gap increases, it increases first and then decreases. The optimal value of bottom gap is 60 mm. The gas holdup from big to small is as follows: the finned, the trumpetshaped, and the smoothed. When gas velocity is in range of 0.239~0.478 cm/s, the local solid holdup in the riser is much denser at the bottom. When gas velocity is in range of 0.597~0.836 cm/s, the axial profiles of solid volume fraction become uniform. With the bottom gap increasing, the local solid holdup decreases. And it shows little change at different ethanol concentrations.
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Copolymerization Modification of Poly (Butylene 2Methylsuccinate)
Han Shijian,Ding Yu,Wang Jing,Wang Huizi,et al
2017, 30 (4): 12-17. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.003
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 2948KB ) ( ) 　　
        Poly(butylene methylsuccinate) (PBMS) was prepared using methylsuccinc acid (MSA) and 1,4butanediol (BD) as raw materials. On this basis, the new copolyesterpoly(butylenes terephthalatecobutylene methylsuccinic acid) (PBMT) was synthesized via melt polycondensation from adding dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) to PBMS. The intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight, acid value, hydroxyl value, chemical structure and thermal properties were investigated by means of ubbelohde viscometer, FTIR, 1HNMR, DSC and TGA. The results showed that the intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight reached the maximum while the acid value and hydroxyl value reached the minimum under the conditions that n(DMT+MSA)/n(BD)=1.00∶1.08, n(DMT)/n(MSA)=1∶1. The best copolyester can be synthesized when TBOT and zinc oxide were used as complex catalyst. FTIR and 1HNMR demonstrated that the PBMT was synthesized successfully. DSC and TGA revealed that the thermal property of PBMT had greatly improved compared with PBMS.
 
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Investigation on Separation Characteristic of Cylindrical Cyclone Dehydrator
HuKang,HeLimin,ZhangXinru,WangHao
2017, 30 (4): 18-22. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.004
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 3373KB ) ( ) 　　
        Threephase separators and electric dehydrators have been used in oil production, but this type of equipment is bulky and inefficient, and usually requires that the moisture content of crude oil emulsions entering the electric dehydrator devices can’t exceed 30%. In order to solve this problem, this paper has designed and produced cylindrical cyclone electric dehydrator. This dehydrator has high processing efficiency and can handle the emulsion which moisture content is higher than 30%. This paper tests the coalescence and separation characteristics of the dehydrator, and the results show that when the electric dehydrator treats the emulsion which moisture content is 20% and 40%, the highest droplets increase ratio can reach 5.6 and 4.5 times respectively; when the emulsion electric field intensity is 356.44 kV/m, the separation efficiency can reach 75%. Appropriate increase of the residence time of emulsion in the dehydrator, the average particle size of droplets will increase, and the separation efficiency will be improved greatly. 
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Research and Application of a New Type of Particle Profile Control Agent and Profile Control
Xia Penghui, Wu Jingchun， Wu Songyan， Li Yubo
2017, 30 (4): 23-26. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.005
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 2925KB ) ( ) 　　
        In order to improve the poor resistance for temperature and salt of common polymer, solve poor heat and hydrolytic stability, profile control particle polymer was prepared through indoor experiment. The gel particle controlling agent was prepared by redox reaction using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), 2acrylamide2methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and other additives as raw materials with molar ratio of AM/AA /AMPS=9∶4∶1. The field application indicates the particle gel profile has strong temperature and salt resistance properties. The viscosity of product with concertration of 2 000 mg/L is 700 mPa·s which is formed by using formation water with concertration of 3 700 mg/L measured at 45 ℃. The profile of polymer and conventional polymer alternate injection can be explained for the following effects: compared with the conventional polymers with the same concentration, the gel particles have better sealing effect, flooding efficiency can be full played.
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Dynamic Performance Evaluation of Water Shutoff Agent of Q1 Block
YanWenhua,WangNingyu
2017, 30 (4): 27-31. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.006
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1271KB ) ( ) 　　
        The plugging experiments of the core block and the doublepipe parallel core were carried out to evaluate the sealing performance of the water shutoff formula of Q1 block geologic feature. The experimental results show that the design of Q1 block water shutoff agent; breakthrough pressure gradient; splitflow ratio; low permeability ter blocking agent can seal up the artificial core crack and high permeability layer with high sealing effect. It is suggested that 0.6 PV should be used to increase the shunting rate of the low permeability layer and ensure the effective flooding of the low permeability layer and to extend the effective period of water shutoff.
 
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The Impact of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on Stability of Crude Oil Emulsion
Li Chuanxian, Liu Yajie, Yang Shuang,et al
2017, 30 (4): 32-37. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.007
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 3529KB ) ( ) 　　
        The supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) miscible flooding improves oil recovery while significantly improving the properties of crude oil emulsion. Research was conducted with a selfdeveloped highpressure CO₂crude mixing container. The contact process of scCO₂ and crude oil in miscible flooding was simulated under formation condition. After scCO₂ mixing process, the viscosity, stability and microscopic morphology of crude oil and emulsion were studied by rheological measurement, conductivity meter and microscopic observation. The experimental results show that, the composition of Changqing crude oil changes after scCO₂ miscible flooding, the asphaltene solvation layer structure is destroyed, which helps the asphaltene particles to be more easily adsorbed on the oilwater interface. The size of wax crystals becomes smaller, the number of them increases, and the emulsion viscosity increases significantly. All of those changes lead to the deterioration of liquidity and enhancement of emulsion stability.
 
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Formulation of Chemical Degradation Agent for Polymer in a Development Zone
Wu Chunhua
2017, 30 (4): 38-42. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.008
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1754KB ) ( ) 　　
The polymer is a longchain polymer compound with high viscosity, easy to block the pores of the formation and reduce the permeability of the formation. It is necessary to chemically degrade the polymer in the plugging channel and study the formulation of the degrading agent. Through the use of different components and concentration of the degradation agent for indoor degradation reaction test, the concentration of degradation agent and adjuvant ingredients was determined. The degradation effect of XF-2-C as the main agent was the best with the formulation of XF-2-C. To 0.5% S9 + 1.2% XF-2-C the dosage of the agent is relatively small, with the addition of the adjuvant concentration. After treating by the above degrading agent, the viscosity of polymer solution reached 1.63 mPa·s.
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Preparation of Heat Resistance Salt Tolerance Deep Profile Control and Oil Displacement Agent and Injection Parameter Optimization
Zhao Yingfang
2017, 30 (4): 43-47. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.009
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 2025KB ) ( ) 　　
        Aiming at the problem of water channeling in a high temperature and high salt reservoir in Haita oilfield, a kind of heat resistance salt resistant polymer nanometer microspheres PM-1 system was developed. The microscopic morphology, particle size distribution and swelling performance were evaluated by laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscope. Finally the suitable reservoir polymer nanomicrosphere injection parameters of oil displacement system for the test area were put forward by using core flow experiment. The results showed that the initial average particle size of polymer nanoparticles microspheres PM-1 was 405.87 nm and PM-1 had the very good performance, the swelling ratio ofPM-1 in 90 ℃ of simulated formation water was 35.52. By nanospheres parameter optimization experiments, injection parameters of the nanosphere system were optimized: injection at a concentration of 2 000 mg/L, injecting an amount of 0.2 PV, injection rate of 0.3 mL/min, injection method 0.1 PV microsphere+0.1 PV water+0.1 PV microspheres.
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Exploration and Experiment of the Repeated Fracturing Technique for Horizontal Well in UltraLow Permeability Reservoir
Da Yinpeng, Yang Boli, Su Liangyin
2017, 30 (4): 48-54. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.010
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 3334KB ) ( ) 　　
        Huaqing X reservoir is a typical ultralow permeability reservoir. The development mode of horizontal well is adopted to improve the production of single well. But with the change of pressure, temperature and other environmental conditions during the development time prolonged and the production increasing , the single well production in part of the horizontal well declines rapidly, which results in poor economic development gradually and provides a need for refracturing to restore or improve the single well production. At present, the domestic level of refracturing for horizontal wells is still in initial stage. Therefore, a series of measures, such as potential analysis, process optimization and matching sting R & D for horizontal wells, are taken to form a refracturing mode of volume construction in primary fracture and infill treating among two stages old fractures based on the analysis of present technology situation, reservoir feature and low yield reasons. The field test of 6 wells shows that the technology can meet the need of reservoir reconstruction and increase production efficiency, which provides a way to improve the production of single well about low reconstruction degree for ultralow permeability reservoir.
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Remaining Oil Distribution Features of Heavy Oil FaultBlock Reservoir
Chen Xinyu， Zhang Jicheng, Feng Yang
2017, 30 (4): 55-61. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.011
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 4956KB ) ( ) 　　
At present, the new shallow 45 fault oil field has entered the high cycle stage of huff and puff, which is affected by the static, dynamic factors such as fault, reservoir physical property, steam channeling, edge water and recovery situation. There are a lot of issues such as low pressure, low daily level of single well, low oilgas ratio, more shutting down wells, more inefficient and ineffective production wells, poor development efficiency. In order to improve the development effect of reservoirs and further improve the oil recovery factor, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the production and development dynamics of the block, meanwhile, integrating earthquake and geological analysis, the distribution features of remaining oil were found out using fine geological modeling and numerical simulation. And the evaluation criteria of five kinds of remaining oil types was established according to the parameters such as the average remaining oil saturation and the recovery degree of single well. The research method suitable for single well remaining oil distribution law was summed up, providing guidance for subsequent fine adjustment and tapping the potential in oilfield.
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Controlling Factors and Lower Limits of Porosity and Permeability of Permian Reservoirs in Dongpu Depression
Zhou Jinlong， Jiang Youlu， Liu Jingdong
2017, 30 (4): 62-68. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.012
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 4393KB ) ( ) 　　
The reservoirs of permian in Dongpu depression are characterized by lower porosity and permeability. The complexity of geological conditions restricts the research of reservoirs. Combining the analysis of sedimentary characteristics and diagenesis characteristics, the controlling factors of physical properties of Permian reservoirs were discussed．It is indicated that the sand bodies of channel, distributary and underwater distributary channel are favorable for reservoir formation because of good porosity. Diagenesis is the most critical factor affecting the reservoir porosity evolution. On the one hand, compaction and cementation are the main causes for reservoir tightness. On the other hand, dissolution is mainly shown as the corrosion of feldspars and carbonate cement, and in turn, makes the physical property of reservoirs better. Based on the porosity and permeability data of 219 samples from 26 cored wells, production test data and mercury injection data, the lower property limits of effective reservoirs were determined by oil production test method, empirical statistic method and mercury injection curve method. The results show that the lower limit of porosity is 4.8% and the lower limit of permeability is 0.04 mD.  
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Application to Geological Modeling of X Oil Field in Xihu Sag Based on Probabilistic Volume
Yang Jing,Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Chen Shizhen
2017, 30 (4): 69-76. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.013
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1832KB ) ( ) 　　
Modeling of tight gas reservoir in less well area on the sea is one of problems which are eager to overcome. Aiming at solving high heterogeneity of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in braided river deposits, it is difficult to accurately characterize reservoir's distribution of "sweet point" and properties using conventional geological modeling method. In this paper, using "sweet point" controlling, multiplepoint geostatistics and probabilistic volume constraint on thick layer reservoirs in the East China Sea, we have innovatively modeled using "sweet point" in a form of facies and generated training image in different ways considering different kinds of "sweet point" and simulated facies based on Poisson's ratio volume and "sweet point" probabilistic volume as a second constraint. The results show that simulating "sweet point" in the form of facies by using multiplepoint can overcome limitation of single facies and characterize the spatial structure of "sweet point". The result is in line with geological knowledge by using different training images in different members. The prediction accuracy of distribution of "sweet point" has been improved under the constraint of probabilistic volume.
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Calculation of the Minimum Throughput of Crude Oil Pipeline Based on PipePhase Software
Chen Siqi,Wei Lixin,Zhao Jian,et al
2017, 30 (4): 77-80. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.014
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 1832KB ) ( ) 　　
At present, the production of crude oil in many domestic oil fields is gradually declining and the pipeline is in the state of lowvolume operation. In order to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline, the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of the pipeline are considered, and the simulation model of buried hot oil pipeline is established by PipePhase software. The calculation method of the minimum flow of pipe is put forward. Taking a certain crude oil pipeline as an example, the minimum thermal and hydraulic safety output of the pipeline in different months are calculated. Finally, the minimum safe output of the pipeline is determined, which is provided for the safe operation of the pipeline.
 
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Research and Development of Digital Oil Depot  Training System Based on GIS
Xiang Nan， Wu Shengyi， Wang Weiqiang， Luan Ling， Yang Xiaochen
2017, 30 (4): 81-84. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.015
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 3628KB ) ( ) 　　
The main work of oil depot is flammable and explosive oil and crude oil. The production process of the production system is complex and the result of false operation is serious. The traditional training mode of staff is limited, the risk is great, and the students can not see the operation and related parameters of the intrinsic relationship. So it is difficult to establish the relationship between theory and practice. The construction of digital oil depot training system based on GIS, can effectively compensate for the lack of the traditional model. Using B/S architecture and SQL server as the database platform, developed in the ArcGIS platform, making the traditional training combine with computer technology, 3D visualization of digital oil depot and the visual information management training and assessment of large data will be realized. The practical example shows that the system has strong practicability, intuitive information display, and has good universality, which provides technical support for improvement of operation and management level of oil depot.
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Thermal Cleaning to Remove Sediment of Oil Gathering  Pipeline between Wellhead and Metering Room
Li Xinyang, Wei Lixin, Zhang Wei
2017, 30 (4): 85-89. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.016
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 3765KB ) ( ) 　　
With the implementation of the three oil recovery technology, although polymer flooding technology improves the oil recovery, it also brings new challenges to crude oil processing and gathering. High return pressure of oil gathering pipeline was caused by wax deposition of polymer flooding pipeline. Study was carried out on the heat cleaning of the polymer flooding gathering pipeline between the wellhead and the metering room after shutdown the well. The effects of heat washing water quantity, hot wash water temperature and different concentration of polymer on the dredging time were studied under different oil gathering radius. It was found that the hot wash water temperature was more obvious in the range of 65~70 ℃, which was calculated by the theoretical formula. When cleaning different polymer concentration pipelines, in the low water conditions, cleaning time of produced liquid with high concentration polymer was relatively longer. With the increase of heat washing water, there was no obvious change in the cleaning time of the sediment with different concentration.
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Study on the Evaporation Loss of Light Oil
Sun Weiwei， Li Zili， Sun Feifei
2017, 30 (4): 90-96. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2017.04.017
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 2815KB ) ( ) 　　
People around the world have paid more and more attention to the problem of oil volatilization, because of the enforcement of laws on energy saving and lots of accidents caused by oil diffusion. It is important for people to find the laws of oil volatilization. That could reduce the oil diffusion during its transportation and storage, decrease the pollution, and prevent the occurrence of related accidents. Data of oil and gas diffusion in tank is obtained using the model of VOF that comes from CFD by considering the influence of wind speed, wind direction and tank type. It is also a good choice to use UDF as the source of the simulation analysis. The results show that wind speed has a great effect on oil evaporation. And the wind direction that perpendicular to the wall of the tank has evident effects. According to the study on evaporation loss of oil, the petrochemical plants must take some effective measures to reduce the oil diffusion, and reduce the risk of explosion. 
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