Uranium Extraction by Adsorption and the Types and Performance Enhancement Strategies for Adsorbents

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2023.06.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Controlling the use of fossil fuels and promoting the development of alternative new and clean energy sources is consistent with the theme of synergistic development between resource development and environmental protection. As a green energy source with high energy density, nuclear energy can be widely applied to alleviate the energy shortage in our country. The proven uranium resource content in seawater is more than 1 000 times higher than that in uranium mines. Extracting uranium from seawater is a potential way to ensure the long?term supply of uranium resource and the sustainable development of nuclear power. Adsorption has emerged as one of the effective methods for extracting uranium from seawater due to its advantages of high adsorption efficiency, simple operation, low cost, and environmentally friendly. However, the adsorption faces a number of challenges when extracting uranium from seawater, such as the extremely low concentrations of uranium in seawater and their stable existence in the form of Ca₂UO₂(CO₃)₃ or [UO₂(CO₃)₃]^4-, as well as a large variety and quantity of coexisting ions. Therefore, the preparation of high?performance adsorbents to achieve efficient and selective separation and enrichment of uranium in seawater is one of the important research topics in the field of environmental science. In this review, the types of adsorbents for uranium extraction from seawater and the performance enhancement strategies of their properties are briefly introduced, with the aim of helping researchers in this field design promising adsorbents for practical seawater uranium extraction.

Key words: Uranium extraction from seawater, Adsorption, Types of adsorbents, Performance Enhancement, Amidoximes, Nanofiber based absorbent

摘要：

控制化石能源的使用、促进可替代新能源和清洁能源的发展，符合资源开发与环境保护协同发展的主题。核能作为一种能量密度高的绿色能源，其广泛应用可缓解我国的能源短缺问题。已探明的海水中铀资源约为陆地铀矿的1 000倍，海水提铀是确保铀资源长期供应及核能可持续发展的潜在方法。吸附法因吸附效率高、操作简单、成本低和绿色环保等优点成为海水中铀酰离子提取的有效方法之一，但面临诸多挑战，如海水中铀酰离子的浓度极低且以Ca₂UO₂(CO₃)₃或[UO₂(CO₃)₃]^4-的形式稳定存在、共存离子种类和数量较多等。因此，制备高性能吸附剂是实现海水提铀的关键。综述了海水提铀吸附剂的类型及其性能强化策略，以期设计海水提铀吸附剂提供帮助。

关键词: 海水提铀, 吸附法, 吸附剂的种类, 性能强化, 偕胺肟, 纳米纤维基吸附剂

CLC Number:

TQ028

Xue BAI, Jianming PAN. Uranium Extraction by Adsorption and the Types and Performance Enhancement Strategies for Adsorbents[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2023, 36(6): 24-35.

白雪, 潘建明. 吸附法提铀及提铀吸附剂的种类和性能强化策略[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2023, 36(6): 24-35.

Figures/Tables 12

References 63

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类型	名称	吸附条件	吸附量/（mg·g^-1）	参考文献
无机型	NZVI/TiO₂	m/V=0.2 g/L，pH=7.0，t=2.0 h	122.30	[31]
	Mn₃O₄@sepiolite	m=50.0 mg，V=50.0 mL，pH=6.0，t=1.0 h	85.51	[32]
	PCNF	m=10.0 mg，V=20.0 mL，pH=6.0，t=2.0 h	512.80	[33]
	SrTiO₃/TiO₂	m=10.0 mg，V=10.0 mL，pH=4.0，t=3.0 h	127.10	[34]
有机型	PQAP	m=15.0 mg，V=5.0 L，pH=8.0，t=4.0 h	559.30	[35]
	CID NFs	m=10.0 mg，V=1.0 L，pH=6.0，t=70.0 h	342.50	[36]
	GPNB⁃BT	m=20.0 mg，V=50.0 mL，pH=5.5，t=12.0 h	170.00	[37]
	CNFs aerogel	m=5.0 mg，V=100.0 mL，pH=5.0，t=3.0 h	440.60	[38]
	SAN⁃NFs	m=20.0 mg，V=100.0 mL，pH=4.0，t=4.5 h	177.00	[39]
	PA⁃PAO/CS NFs	m=15.0 mg，V=5.0 L，pH=6.0，t=24.0 h	913.10	[30]
	BP@CNF⁃MOF	m=5.0 mg，V=1.0 L，pH=7.0，t=6.0 h	858.30	[40]
	PAO/Alg NFs	m=15.0 mg，V=5.0 L，pH=6.0，t=48.0 h	892.80	[41]
	PPLA	m=15.0 mg，V=5.0 L，pH=5.0，t=50.0 h	1 432.00	[42]
	PP	m=30.0 mg，V=0.5 L，pH=4.0，t=1.0 h	491.00	[43]
	SMON⁃PAO	m=10.0 mg，V=5.0 L，pH=7.0，t=30.0 h	1 089.00	[44]

类型	名称	吸附条件	吸附量/（mg·g^-1）	参考文献
无机型	NZVI/TiO₂	m/V=0.2 g/L，pH=7.0，t=2.0 h	122.30	[31]
	Mn₃O₄@sepiolite	m=50.0 mg，V=50.0 mL，pH=6.0，t=1.0 h	85.51	[32]
	PCNF	m=10.0 mg，V=20.0 mL，pH=6.0，t=2.0 h	512.80	[33]
	SrTiO₃/TiO₂	m=10.0 mg，V=10.0 mL，pH=4.0，t=3.0 h	127.10	[34]
有机型	PQAP	m=15.0 mg，V=5.0 L，pH=8.0，t=4.0 h	559.30	[35]
	CID NFs	m=10.0 mg，V=1.0 L，pH=6.0，t=70.0 h	342.50	[36]
	GPNB⁃BT	m=20.0 mg，V=50.0 mL，pH=5.5，t=12.0 h	170.00	[37]
	CNFs aerogel	m=5.0 mg，V=100.0 mL，pH=5.0，t=3.0 h	440.60	[38]
	SAN⁃NFs	m=20.0 mg，V=100.0 mL，pH=4.0，t=4.5 h	177.00	[39]
	PA⁃PAO/CS NFs	m=15.0 mg，V=5.0 L，pH=6.0，t=24.0 h	913.10	[30]
	BP@CNF⁃MOF	m=5.0 mg，V=1.0 L，pH=7.0，t=6.0 h	858.30	[40]
	PAO/Alg NFs	m=15.0 mg，V=5.0 L，pH=6.0，t=48.0 h	892.80	[41]
	PPLA	m=15.0 mg，V=5.0 L，pH=5.0，t=50.0 h	1 432.00	[42]
	PP	m=30.0 mg，V=0.5 L，pH=4.0，t=1.0 h	491.00	[43]
	SMON⁃PAO	m=10.0 mg，V=5.0 L，pH=7.0，t=30.0 h	1 089.00	[44]

名称	吸附容量/（mg·g^-1）	最佳pH	参考文献
3, 5⁃二乙烯基苯腈	440.00	6.0	[50]
4⁃氨基⁃3, 5⁃二乙烯基苯腈	580.00	6.0	[50]
2⁃氨基⁃3, 5⁃二乙烯基苯腈	530.00	6.0	[50]
2⁃（3, 5⁃二乙烯基亚苄基）丙二腈	857.00	6.0	[51]
1⁃（3, 5⁃二溴苄基）⁃1H⁃咪唑⁃4, 5⁃二腈	504.00	6.0	[51]
2, 5⁃二乙烯基对苯二甲腈	1 070.00	6.0	[51]

名称	吸附容量/（mg·g^-1）	最佳pH	参考文献
3, 5⁃二乙烯基苯腈	440.00	6.0	[50]
4⁃氨基⁃3, 5⁃二乙烯基苯腈	580.00	6.0	[50]
2⁃氨基⁃3, 5⁃二乙烯基苯腈	530.00	6.0	[50]
2⁃（3, 5⁃二乙烯基亚苄基）丙二腈	857.00	6.0	[51]
1⁃（3, 5⁃二溴苄基）⁃1H⁃咪唑⁃4, 5⁃二腈	504.00	6.0	[51]
2, 5⁃二乙烯基对苯二甲腈	1 070.00	6.0	[51]

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