石墨烯/聚酰亚胺纳米复合材料的研究进展

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2023.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

石墨烯具有优异的机械、电学、热学和光学性能，在改善聚酰亚胺复合材料的性能方面显示出巨大的潜力。利用石墨烯特殊的二维特性，可以很容易地对其进行不同程度的结构设计和功能化改性，这为充分利用其优异的性能合成具有特殊功能的聚酰亚胺复合材料带来了新的机会。综述了近年来石墨烯/聚酰亚胺纳米复合材料在导电性、机械性能、热学性能和电磁屏蔽等方面的研究进展；系统分析了石墨烯的结构和功能化改性方式对石墨烯/聚酰亚胺纳米复合材料性能的影响；讨论了不同类型石墨烯/聚酰亚胺纳米复合材料的应用领域，详细探讨了石墨烯与聚酰亚胺基体之间的界面相互作用对纳米复合材料性能的影响。

关键词: 石墨烯, 聚酰亚胺, 结构设计, 功能化改性

Abstract:

Graphene exhibits outstanding mechanical,electrical,thermal,and optical properties,showcasing immense potential in enhancing the performance of polyimide composites.The unique two?dimensional characteristics of graphene allow for easy structural design and functional modification,presenting new opportunities for synthesizing polyimide composites with special functionalities.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress in graphene/polyimide nanocomposites in areas such as conductivity,mechanical properties,thermal properties and electromagnetic shielding.A systematic analysis was conducted on the influence of graphene's structure and functional modification on the performance of graphene/polyimide nanocomposites.Additionally,the application domains of different types of graphene/polyimide composites were discussed,with a detailed exploration of the interface interactions between graphene and the polyimide matrix and their impact on the properties of the nanocomposites.This article serves as a reference and inspiration for the subsequent development of multifunctional and high?performance graphene/polyimide nanocomposites.

Key words: Graphene, Polyimide, Structural design, Functionalization modification

中图分类号:

TQ323.7

孙家明, 陈东洋, 陈皓男, 陈炤汝, 刘晓旭. 石墨烯/聚酰亚胺纳米复合材料的研究进展[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2023, 36(6): 1-12.

Jiaming SUN, Dongyang CHEN, Haonan CHEN, Zhaoru CHEN, Xiaoxu LIU. Research Progress of Graphene/Polyimide Nanocomposites[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2023, 36(6): 1-12.

图/表 5

图1 PG/PI纳米复合材料导电性的影响因素注：a为PG电阻率测量原理图及PG电阻率随片层厚度的变化规律[23]；b为PG电导率随其尺寸的变化规律及多晶PG薄膜的制备工艺示意图[24]；c为PG/PI纳米复合材料的电导特性[25]；d为Nacre?like PG/PI复合材料的电导特性及电磁干扰屏蔽示意图和结构表征[26]；e为PI微球与GO键合示意图及rGO/PI纳米复合材料的室温压制示意图[27]；f为重氮盐反应制备氨基苯基功能化PG纳米片(APGNS)示意图[12]。

Fig.1 Factors affecting the electrical conductivity of graphene/polyimide composites

图2 PG/PI纳米复合材料的介电特性注：a为PI基体中不同质量分数的PG示意图和相对介电常数随频率的变化曲线[28]；b为GO和OAPS?GO在PI基体中的结构模型和相对介电常数随频率的变化曲线[29]；c为PPD?CFGO/PI复合薄膜的合成示意图[31]；d为FG/PI复合薄膜的合成示意图[32]。

Fig.2 Dielectric properties of graphene/polyimide composites

图3 石墨烯/PI纳米复合材料的机械性能

Fig.3 Mechanical properties of graphene/polyimide composites

图4 PG/PI纳米复合材料的热学性能注：a为Ag/rGO填料的制备原理图和复合材料的热导率[46]；b为NH2?rGO/PI导热复合薄膜合成示意图和界面优化原理图[47]；c为g?GO/PI薄膜的制备、平面和面内导热示意图[48]；d为分层多功能PI薄膜结构示意图[49]。

Fig.4 Thermal properties of graphene/polyimide composites

图5 PG/PI纳米复合材料的其他性能注：a1为以Tg为记忆行为开关温度时的示意图（当L2=L1时，复合材料记忆回收率为100%）[49]；a2为质量分数为0.5%的PG?PI纳米复合材料记忆行为[49]；b1为热处理PI?GO膜的混合气体分离示意图[50]；b2为PAA?GO、亚胺化薄膜光学照片[50]；b3为PI?GO?1.0%?600 ℃气体吸附等温线[50]；c1为质量分数为5.0%的PAA与8.0%的PG气凝胶垂直方向的SEM照片[51]；c2为不同PG含量的气凝胶水平方向在9.6 GHz下的电磁屏蔽性能[51]；c3为PG气凝胶垂直于水平方向的热血成像图[51]；d为压缩氧化PG/PI的恢复过程和高水平的弯曲和扭转变形光学照片[52]。

Fig.5 Other properties of graphene/polyimide composites

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