Abstract:

Chemical wax inhibitors are widely used in the field of waxy crude oil extraction and transportation, providing an important guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of the waxy crude oil extraction and transportation process. At present, many basic experimental studies and numerical simulation studies on chemical wax removal have been carried out to explore the types, mechanism of action and application scope of chemical wax inhibitors. Common chemical wax inhibitors mainly include fused?ring aromatic hydrocarbon type wax inhibitors, surfactant type wax inhibitors, high molecular polymer pour point depressant type wax inhibitors and new nano?particle wax inhibitors. They usually prevent the association and deposition of wax crystals by water film theory or wax crystal modification theory. Among them, fused?ring aromatic hydrocarbon wax inhibitors, surfactant wax inhibitors, and polymer pour point depressant wax inhibitors have disadvantages such as poor environmental friendliness, poor environmental adaptability or poor economy. The focus of future research should be to explore green, efficient and general?purpose chemical paraffin inhibitors, use nanoparticles to improve the performance of paraffin inhibitors, and continue to explore more environmentally friendly chemical paraffin inhibitors.

Key words: Waxy crude oil, Wax deposition, Wax inhibitor, Wax inhibition mechanism

摘要：

化学防蜡剂广泛应用于含蜡原油采输领域，为含蜡原油采输过程安全高效运行提供重要保障。目前已经开展了很多关于化学清蜡基础实验研究以及数值模拟研究，对化学防蜡剂的类型、作用机理及其应用范围进行了探究。常见的化学防蜡剂主要有稠环芳烃型防蜡剂、表面活性剂型防蜡剂、高分子聚合物降凝剂型防蜡剂以及新型纳米粒子防蜡剂，它们通常通过水膜理论或蜡晶改性理论防止蜡晶发生联合和沉积。其中，稠环芳烃型防蜡剂、表面活性剂型防蜡剂、高分子聚合物降凝剂型防蜡剂存在环境友好性差、环境适应性差或经济性差等缺点。今后的研究重点应该是探索绿色、高效且通用的化学防蜡剂，利用纳米粒子提高防蜡剂的性能，并且继续探索更加环保的化学防蜡剂。

关键词: 含蜡原油, 蜡沉积, 防蜡剂, 防蜡机理