Solving the sensitivity of concrete to admixture dosage and concrete shrinkage has always been a technical challenge eagerly awaited in the construction industry.A new type of ester polycarboxylate superplasticizer monomer (ACPEG) was synthesizeduses by 3?methyl?3?butenoxyacetic acid (MBA) as the priming agent.The relative molecular mass (M_w) of ACPEG was determined to be 2 389 by an multi?angle laser dispersion spectrumeig scattering instrument,indicating the formation of a polyether monomer structure.The results showed that ACPEG has a unique advantage of low polymerization activity,allowing for the one?step synthesis of superplasticizers at 40 ℃ without risk of explosion.The superplasticizer synthesized from ACPEG exhibited a water?reducing rate of 37.4%,segregation rate of 10.8%,bleeding rate of 6.2% at 1 hour,and surface tension of 35.67 mN/m. Although slightly inferior to superplasticizers synthesized from ester?type monomers (MAPEG) in terms of workability,ACPEG outperformed superplasticizers synthesized from methallyl polyethylene glycol ethers (IPEG) and isoprene polyethylene glycol ethers (TPEG) in concrete slump,bleeding distance,segregation rate,workability,and shrinkage reduction effects.

Under alkaline conditions,the aldehyde group is introduced into dibenzo?18?crown?6 (DB18C6) with the help of chloroform (CHCl₃) to prepare dimethyl dibenzo?18?crown?6 (DDB18C6).Then,using DDB18C6 and soluble deacetylated chitin (CTS) as raw materials,Schiff reaction was used to synthesize a grafted crown ether CTS membrane with an increasing mass fraction of small molecule crown ethers,which was named C _a ?CTS membrane (a=m(DDB18C6)/m(C _a ?CTS membrane）).The C _a ?CTS membrane is ion exchanged in alkali solution.The C _a ?CTS membrane absorbs K⁺ through the oxygen hole structure,and then the C _a ?CTSK membrane is prepared.Eeach stage the sample membrane was subjected to structural characterization and performance testing.The results show that with the increase of the crown ether grafting degree,the thermal stability of CTS can be improved;when a=0.20,the grafting degree of C_0.20?CTSK membrane can reach 43.91%,the water absorption rate can reach 168.6%,the IEC value is 1.38 mmol/g. At a temperature of 70 ℃,the conductivity of C_0.20?CTSK membrane can reach 46.8 mS/cm; the introduction of grafting of crown ether improves the alkali resistance stability of this series of membranes. After the C _a ?CTSK series membranes are soaked in 6 mol/L KOH solution for 480 hours, the conductivity decreases only 4.0%.

The Biological seepage studies the seepage of biofluids in living organisms and fluids containing microorganisms in non?biological porous media.The mass transfer diffusion osmosis phenomenon of a porous bioelastomer material,poly(glycidyl sebacate) (PGS),implanted into human soft tissues was simulated.The pore structure of the PGS material was characterised by N₂ adsorption?desorption and the scaffold model with different pore numbers and pore diameters was designed using the multi?physics field simulation software?COMSOL to investigate the effects of pore and pore diameter parameters on blood osmosis when the pore size was constant.COMSOL was used to design the adapted PGS stent models,numerically simulate the characteristics of the blood flow when blood flowed through the PGS stent,and analyse the kinetic viscosity and the shear rate of the blood field with the theory of fluid dynamics.Comparative analyses of seepage pressure and diffusion at different blood inlet velocities were carried out. The results show that the PGS material is a material that tends to be mesoporous.When the blood flows inside the porous scaffold, the kinetic viscosity varies with the shear rate,indicating that the blood seepage inside the scaffold is a kind of non?Newtonian fluid seepage.The diffusion speed of the blood inside the porous scaffold is different under different inlet velocities and the larger the inlet velocity is,the higher the pressure,and the faster the mass transfer diffusion speed will be.

Aerogel is a solid material with the smallest density and lightest weight in the world at present. Its unique three?dimensional network structure makes it widely used. Cellulose aerogels not only have the characteristics of high porosity and high specific surface area of aerogels, but also can be degraded by microorganisms and be compatible with other substances, which is a new energy suitable for sustainable development. The preparation process of cellulose aerogel—sol gel process and hydrogel drying process are described. In addition, the applications of cellulose aerogel in oil?water separation, heat insulation, phase change, supercapacitor, biomedicine and other aspects are also introduced, and its development is prospected.

In order to achieve high ionic conductivity and good alkaline resistance of Polysulfone?based AEMs, chloromethylated polysulfone was prepared by green method, and crown ether?functionalized polysulfone membranes with different triethylamine and amino crown ether contents were then prepared using amino crown ether as cross?linking agent and metal ions and triethylamine as cationic groups followed by crown ether functional polysulfone membrane with triethylamine and triethylamine as cationic groups(PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X ).The effect of the addition of polyethylene glycol on the membrane properties was explored by introducing the low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the above polysulfone cross?linking membrane.The results shown that the presence of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol helps to facilitate the formation of ordered ion channels in the membrane.The conductivity and alkali?resistant stability of PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X ?PEG were improved compared to PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X membrane.Among them, the electrical conductivity of PSF?CE_0.1?QA_0.9?PEG at 80 ℃ is 56.78 mS/cm,which can retain 85% of the original conductivity after alkaline resistance test.In addition,PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X ?PEG has good dimensional and thermal stability.

The modification of waterborne polyurethane(WPU) coating can be improved, and the nanocomposite particles can be added to WPU coating, and its mechanical properties and ultraviolet resistance can be improved.GO was synthesized by modified Hummers method, nano?ZnO/CeO₂ by copprecipitation, and nano?GO?ZnO/CeO₂ by in situ polymerization.It was also characterised by FT?IR,TEM,SEM,XRD,etc.,and the effect of nano?GO?ZnO/CeO₂ doping on the performance of WPU was explored.The results showed that nano?GO?ZnO/CeO₂ was composed of hybrid particles formed by ZnO and CeO₂ of cubic crystal fluorite structure on the GO surface. Compared with the pure WPU film,the fracture tensile strength and elongation at break of the WPU film with the addition of a mass fraction of 0.6% nano?GO?ZnO/CeO₂ increased by 43.1% and 47.0%.After 168 h of UV aging experiments,the modified membrane absorbed 15.4% of water,increased the tensile strength at break by 328.0% and the elongation at break by 39.0%.It shows that nano?GO?ZnO/CeO₂ can effectively improve the mechanical properties and UV aging resistance of WPU after film formation.

Surface?enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an important spectroscopic method with the advantages of high sensitivity, simplicity, fast detection and good selectivity. The performance of SERS is highly dependent on the properties of the enhanced substrate. Cellulose is one kind of the most abundant biopolymer in the world, which is inexpensive, readily available, renewable and environmental friendly. Therefore, cellulosic materials are usually employed to prepare SERS substrate. In this review, the enhancement mechanism of SERS was firstly disscussed, and then the fabrication of cellulose SERS substrates were introduced. The applications of cellulose SERS substrates were reviewed in biological analysis, water quality assessment, food safety and environmental pollution, and dye identification.

MoS₂ quantum dots (QDs) have attracted a lot of attention lately due to their excellent fluorescence properties, catalytic activity, and good biocompatibility. There are various ways to prepare MoS₂ QDs since its first preparation in 2010, including hydrothermal, ultrasonic, and etching methods. Even though other molybdenum?based quantum dots like MoP, Mo₂C, Mo₂N, and MoSe₂ have shown great potential in various fields, their preparation methods have rarely been reported. In this article, The preparation methods and research status of these molybdenum?based quantum dots (MoO₂/MoO₃, MoP, Mo₂C, Mo₂N amd MoSe₂) and comparing the advantages and limitations of different preparation methods were discussed. The key problems in the synthesis of these quantum dots and their application prospects in different directions were discussed.

The rare earth?transition metal complex [LaCu₆（OH）₃（ClO₄）₃（Gly）₆（Im）₆]（ClO₄）₂·3（MeOH） （Gly = glycine，Im = imidazole） has been synthesized by evaporation method.The complex crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system with the R3 space group，a=1.591 99（12） nm，b=1.591 99（12） nm，c=2.354 20（2） nm，α=β=90°，γ=120°.The coordination units of the complexes are extended into three?dimensional structures via various forms of hydrogen bonding.The properties of the complex were characterized by infrared analysis，thermogravimetric analysis，fluorescence analysis and magnetic analysis.The results showed that the weight loss process of the complex is roughly divided into three steps，and the complex shows great thermal stability.Three characteristic peaks were found in fluorescence emission spectrum of the complex，which indicates that the complex exhibits weak fluorescence.There is antiferromagnetic interaction between metal ions in the complex.

Perovskite photovoltaic cells are considered as the most promising third generation photovoltaic products due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency and flexible processing while the high temperature encapsulation process of traditional encapsulation materials can hardly meet the demand of high performance of perovskite photovoltaic modules.In this paper, an adhesive film material by free radical co?polymerization process was successfully synthesized.Light transmission and bonding are characterized by infrared spectroscopy and tensile testing machine,confirming that the polymer is very suitable for chalcogenide photovoltaic cell encapsulation,and that the polymer can be effectively adhered to the chalcogenide solar cell and the outer layer of the glass at 80 ℃.The polymer is suitable for the encapsulation of chalcogenide photovoltaic cells.The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the encapsulated PSCs can reach 20.59%,and the encapsulated PSCs devices show good impact resistance.

The semiconductor, electroplating, metallurgy, and ceramic industries discharge high concentration fluoride containing wastewater, making fluoride pollution in natural water a global problem.Thus， Zn?Mg?Al LDO is a good adsorbent material. Under different reaction temperatures of n（Zn²⁺）/n（Mg²⁺）/n（Al³⁺）, Zn?Mg?Al LDH was synthesized by co?precipitation method, and Zn?Mg?Al?LDH was calcined at different temperatures to obtain Zn?Mg?Al?LDO. X?ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT?IR) and BET specific surface area testing methods were used to study the structure and properties of Zn?Mg?Al LDO. The adsorption experiment was conducted on 50 mL of NaF solution with an mass concentration of 20.0 mg/L to investigate the performance of Zn?Mg?Al LDO in adsorbing and removing fluoride ions. The results showed that the Zn?Mg?Al LDO prepared under the conditions of n（Zn²⁺）/n（Mg²⁺）/n（Al³⁺）=2∶1∶1, reaction temperature of 75 ℃, and calcination temperature of 400 ℃ exhibited the best adsorption and removal performance of fluoride ions, with an adsorption and removal rate of 85.39%. Zn?Mg?Al LDO has characteristic peaks of hydrotalcite, good crystal structure, and a layered structure. Zn?Mg?Al LDO is a mesoporous material with a specific surface area of 103.15 m²/g. In addition, the kinetics and adsorption mechanism of the adsorption process were also studied. The results indicate that the adsorption process follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and quasi second?order kinetic equation.

After the application of a non?ionic polyether clear water agent in an oilfield in the Bohai Sea,the difficulty of dewatering crude oil in the downstream terminal treatment plant increased,and the water content of the outgoing crude oil frequently exceeded the standard.The Effect of nonionic polyether water clarifier on crude oil dehydration was researched,the reasons of difficulty in dewatering were analysed,and the emulsion could not be treated by conventional polyether demulsifier.Polyamines were synthesised from dimethylamine,dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine and epichlorohydrin,while polyethylene?polyamines were used as cross?linking agents to synthesise polyamine copolymer emulsion breakers.The emulsion breaker can reduce the water content of the external crude oil to less than 0.5% at a concentration of 80 mg/L,and reduce the static dewatering time of the crude oil from more than 120 h to less than 48 h.This effectively solves the problem of excessive water content in the external crude oil of the terminal treatment plant.

The Ruddlesden?Popper (RP) perovskitetype composite cathode material was prepared by a sol?gel method,and the performance of using it as a SOFC cathode was evaluated.XRD result shows that the composite material calcined at 1 200 ℃ was (La_2/3Sr_4/3)FeO₄?(La_4/3Sr_8/3)Fe₃O₁₀ (LSF).At 400 ℃,the highest conductivity of the sample is 57.0 S/cm in air.At 800 ℃,the interfacial polarization resistance of the LSF electrode on La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3-δ (LSGM) electrolyte is 0.198 Ω·cm².Based on a single cell supported by a 300?μm?thick LSGM,the peak power density of the sample when used as a cell cathode was up to 670 mW/cm² when used as the cathode of the cell, with no performance degradation for 50 h of continuous operation.Experiments show that the LSF cathode has excellent and stable electrochemical performance,and is a very promising cathode material for SOFC.

Highstrength polymer materials with excellent mechanical properties and wear?resistance have been widely used in water pumps, electric generator and other fields as a new generation of bearing materials. A high performance polyurethane/carbon fiber composite （PUE/CF） was prepared by combining chopped carbon fiber (CF) with polyurethane elastomer (PUE), and the effects of carbon fiber content on the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the hardness of the composite can reach 60 ~ 68 HD, the tensile strength and elongation at break can reach 54 MPa and 298% respectively. Under dry friction condition, 0.16 of friction coefficient and 0.570% of wear rate can be obtained. Under water friction condition, 0.02 of friction coefficient and 0.129% of wear rate can be obtained. In summary, the composite prepared in this paper can meet the application requirements of polymer bearing bush and have broad application prospects in the field of automobile and ship.

Chiral epichlorohydrin is obtained by kinetic resolution of racemic epichlorohydrin through hydrolysis. Chiral epichlorohydrin is a valuable intermediate which is widely used in the synthesis of medicine and material. Salen refers to a base formed by the condensation of two identical aldehyde molecules and a diamine molecule, and the complex formed by its combination with metals is called Salen metal complex, which is often used in the synthesis of chiral epichlorohydrin. In this paper, the development of Salen metal complex catalysts and their application in chiral epichlorohydrin synthesis are reviewed. At the same time, the deactivation mechanism of catalyst in the process of hydrolytic kinetic resolution was investigated and the application prospect of synthesis of chiral epichlorohydrin using Salen metal complex catalysts was prospected.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) has simple synthesis process,flexible structure,economy,environmental protection and anion exchange,which strengthen its application range in the field of anti?corrosion coatings.The target properties of LDHs can be achieved by a combination of one or more processes,or chemically modified by surface modification and internal anion replacement,enhancing the applicability of LDHs to meet the needs of different fields of application.This paper mainly focuses on the synthesis method of LDHs,the mechanism of corrosion protection,the practical application of LDHs corrosion protection,and its limitations and prospects.It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods,and provides suggestions for future research on the application of LDHs in the field of corrosion protection.

To efficiently remove organics in coking wastewater, this paper prepared an amphiphilic chitosan?loaded bentonite adsorbent (C18CS?BT).The structure and morphology of the adsorbent were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT?IR),X?ray diffraction,and scanning electron microscope.By comparing the removal rates of C18CS?BT,unmodified chitosan?loaded bentonite (CS?BT),and bentonite (BT),the study explored the effect mechanism of hydrophobic modified adsorbent on the removal of the organics in coking wastewater.The results show that compared with BT and CS?BT,C18CS?BT features lower dosage, wider application range of pH value,and shorter adsorption equilibrium time.The optimized treatment process is the adsorbent dosage of 1.5 g/L,the adsorption time of 60 min,and the system pH value of 7.0. The COD in coking wastewater after BT, CS?BT and C18CS?BT treatment is reduced from 342 mg/L to 264,218,146 mg/L, and the corresponding removal rates of organics are 22.81%,36.26% and 57.31%, respectively. GC?MS result analysis also confirms that C18CS?BT could remove most of the organics in coking wastewater, especially long?chain alkanes and their derivatives.The hydrophobic modification of the adsorbent can effectively improve the removal performance of organics in coking wastewater.

The Tb coordination complex [Tb(H₂O)₈]?(L)?2(4,4'?bipy)?3H₂O（complex 1） was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of sodium 1,3,6?naphthalene trisulfonate (Na₃L) and 4,4'?bipy (4,4'?bipy) with Tb(NO₃)₃?6H₂O. The molecular structure and composition of complex 1 were characterized by single crystal X?ray diffraction, FT?IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. Thermal stability and fluorescence emission properties of complex 1 were also evaluated. The results indicate that Tb³⁺ is eight?coordinated in a tetragonal antiprismatic coordination configuration and coordinates with eight H₂O molecules to form [Tb(H₂O)₈]³⁺.L^3- does not coordinate with metal ion, but only balances the positive charge in the molecule. The formation of hydrogen bonds between the sulfonic acid group of the L^3- and the coordinating H₂O molecule connects the [Tb(H₂O)₈]³⁺ and the L^3- to form a one?dimensional chain structure,which in turn expands into a two?dimensional lamellar structure.The fluorescence emission peaks of complex 1 at 395，453 nm are the characteristic peaks of Na₃L, and the emission peaks at 545,601，641 nm are the characteristic peaks of Tb³⁺.

Morphology regulation is an important way to improve the performance of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. This paper investigated the effect of NiCoP with different dimension on the hydrogen evolution reaction by combining theoretical calculation and experimental analysis methods and constructed structural models of 1D nanowires (NW?NiCoP) and 2D nanosheets (NS?NiCoP).Simulation results show that NW?NiCoP exhibits higher electronic density of electronic states near the Fermi level, which is beneficial to efficient charge transfer. NS?NiCoP features higher hydrogen adsorption energy, which is favorable for the Volmer reaction.NW?NiCoP,NS?NiCoP,and 3D nanosheet?wires (NSW?NiCoP) were prepared by hydrothermal and phosphating processes. Electrochemical tests on NiCoP with different dimension indicate that the overpotential is 45 mV for NSW?NiCoP at -10 mA/cm².

4?Isobutyloxy?2?cyclohepten?1?one was prepared by the condensation of isobutyryl chloride and 4?hydroxy?2?cyclohepten?1?one.The effects of various amounts of 4?dimethylaminopyridine(DMAP),reaction temperature and reaction time on the esterification reaction were investigated under the condition of no condensation agent.The results show that the optimized reaction condition is 0.3 mmol of DMAP under 25 ℃ for 3 h with a yield of 89%.The results of the NMR show that the synthesized product was the target molecule 4?isobutyloxy?2?cyclohepten?1?one.This esterification reaction features high yields under mild reaction conditions without the involvement of condensation agents,which is in line with the concept of the development of green chemistry.

Rare earth complexes of Eu³⁺ and Nd³⁺ with pyridine dicarboxylate [Ln(2,6?dipic)(2,6?Hdipic)(H₂O)₂]?4H₂O (Ln: Eu, Nd) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The structure, magnetism and thermodynamic properties of the complexes were studied by the means of single crystal X?ray diffraction measurement, magnetic test, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The results show that two complexes are isostructural crystallizing in the monoclinic system of space group P2₁/c. There are two different coordination modes for pyridine?2,6?dicarboxylic acid in the crystals. The complexes exhibit antiferromagnetism with obvious orbital coupling effect. The prepared complexes have good thermal stability.

Tin phosphide (Sn₄P₃) as the anode material for lithium?ion batteries exhibits high theoretical specific capacity (1.255×10³ mA ? h/g). However, the huge volume expansion and particle agglomeration during the charging and discharging processes lead to serious capacity attenuation. The carbon?coated Sn₄P₃?graphene composite (Sn₄P_3?G@C) was successfully prepared by using graphene as the framework and amorphous carbon material as the coating layer. Sn₄P₃?G@C composite shows a high discharge specific capacity of 0.521×10^-3 mA ? h/g after 70 cycles at 0.05 A/g, and the discharge specific capacity of 0.433×10^-3 mA ? h/g can be maintained after 150 cycles at 0.10 A/g. After 300 cycles at 0.50 A/g, the reversible specific capacity of 0.330×10^-3 mA ? h/g can be exhibited. The co?existence of sheet graphene and carbon coating can not only stabilize the structure of Sn₄P₃ and improve the electrical conductivity of the material, but also effectively alleviate the problem of volume expansion and prevent the agglomeration between particles. Sn₄P₃?G@C shows good lithium storage performance.

This paper in situ introduced a mixture of phytic acid,methanol,water,chromium nitrate nonahydrate,N,N?dimethylformamide in polyvinyl alcohol casting solution, where phytic acid and chromium nitrate nonahydrate formed a metal organic framework (MOF) with a three?dimensional structure. Glutaraldehyde was the crosslinking agent to crosslink polyvinyl alcohol into a network structure, and a series of anion exchange membranes with a porous MOF were constructed for fuel cells（MOF@PVA）. During the experiment, the structure and properties of the membranes were optimized by adjusting the Cr³⁺ content. Characterization and performance test results show that the obtained composite membranes are flat and uniform in morphology, with a large number of pore structures available for OH^- migration and retention of water molecules. Additionally, membrane conductivity, water content, and mechanical properties increase with the rising Cr³⁺ mass fractions. When m(Cr³⁺)/m(conductive film) is 0.012, the conductivity is the highest, that is 24.9 mS/cm. The membrane conductivity is only reduced by 8% after being immersed in a 3 mol/L NaOH solution at 80 ℃ for 168 hours.