As a classic non?metallic semiconductor photocatalyst, graphite phase carbon nitride material （g?C₃N₄） has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its stable physical and chemical properties, reasonable band structure, low cost, easy availability, safety, and pollution?free advantages. It has good application and development prospects in the fields of environmental protection, purification and energy catalysis. However, the utilization of g?C₃N₄ in studies is significantly hampered by its tiny specific surface area, limited absorption of visible light, and high rate of recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. The basic structure, characteristics and main modifications of g?C₃N₄ are reviewed, covering modification means such as elemental doping, morphological modulation, noble metal deposition and the practical applications of g?C₃N₄ in recent years at home and abroad.

The efficient removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from contaminated water remains a challenge due to the very stable carbon?fluorine bonds in perfluorinated compounds.In this experiment,nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was used to degrade PFOA,a difficult?to?degrade organic pollutant in water,and the effects of discharge parameters such as discharge atmosphere,discharge power,gas flow rate,and liquid flow rate,as well as the reaction conditions,on the removal rate of PFOA were investigated in the reaction.The experimental results showed that under the conditions of the discharge atmosphere of argon,discharge power of 11.84 W,gas flow rate of 3.33 L/min,and liquid flow rate of 0.28 L/min,DBD had a better degradation effect on PFOA,and the removal rate could reach more than 94.0% after 60 min of reaction.Combined with emission spectroscopy and free radical burst analysis,it was determined that e^-,?OH,H₂O₂, and O₃ were the main active species to break the molecular structure of PFOA and realize the efficient degradation of the reactants,and thus could provide an effective solution for the removal of PFOA in water.

Graphite phase carbon nitride(g?C₃N₄), as an environmentally benign semiconductor material, has good application prospects in photocatalysis. However, the disadvantages of pure g?C₃N₄ such as small specific surface area and difficult separation of photogenerated carriers will limit its photocatalytic performance, which will restrict its large?scale application.From the synthetic methods and modification strategies, the research progress of g?C₃N₄ photocatalysts by researchers in recent years is reviewed, and the development of g?C₃N₄ photocatalysts in the fields of degradation of pollutants in water treatment, H₂ and H₂O₂ production is summarised, and it can be found that the performance of the modified g?C₃N₄ photocatalysts has been greatly improved.Finally,the development direction of g?C₃N₄ photocatalyst is prospected.

Plastics are synthetic or natural polymers that are widely used in industrial fields and daily life due to its good durability and plasticity.Among plastics,polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most commonly used.Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the commonly used plastics,which is widely used in many fields.PET is difficult to be degraded under natural circumstances without artificial treatment,which brings serious burden to the ecosystems,so the issue of degradation and regeneration of PET plastics has become a hot issue globally.Many methods such as photodegradation,thermal degradation,biodegradation,etc.,have been developed to degrade plastics.Among them,biodegradation is considered as environmental friendly and highly efficient method.Thus,the design and transformation of PET degradation has become a key issue.The main methods for degrading plastics at the present stage,the common enzymes used for degrading PET by biodegradation methods and the modification methods of PET degrading enzymes are reviewed,to provide a theoretical basis for the rapid degradation and regeneration of PET.

The development of clean and renewable energy technologies is seen as the key to addressing energy and environmental issues.Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays key roles in storage intermittent energy,such as solar and wind,from water splitting.Recently, OER under neutral conditions receives considerable interests due to its environmental friendliness.However,the efficiency of OER under neutral environment is far below that under alkaline or acidic condition.In this review,the current researchers' understanding of the mechanism of OER under mild pH conditions is firstly outlined.Thereafter,several important characterisation techniques for in situ tracking of the electrocatalytic process of OER are presented,which is crucial to reveal the OER mechanism under neutral conditions.Moreover,an overview over catalytic materials towards neutral OER,including Co?,Ni?,and Mn?based catalysts,is provided.Finally,a brief outlook on the remaining challenges and possible strategies for promoting neutral OER is given.

With the rise of electric revolution and the establishment of "carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality" strategy, petroleum coke has got great development in value?added applications such as lithium cathode materials and high?grade prebaked anode.However,high value?added applications of petroleum coke all have strict requirements for sulfur content of petroleum coke. The high sulfur content in petroleum coke will have a negative impact on the high value application of petroleum coke.The research status of main desulphurization technologies of petroleum coke,including solvent extraction desulfurization technology,high temperature calcination desulfurization technology,oxidation desulfurization technology, alkali metal compound desulfurization technology,hydrodesulfurization technology,microbial desulfurization technology and process intensification auxiliary desulfurization technology are summarized.It was found that the desulphurisation rate of process?enhanced assisted desulphurisation could reach 93.6%,which could reduce the sulphur mass fraction in petroleum coke from 7.57% to 0.48%. The desulfurization technology of petroleum coke should maintain the principle that the structure of petroleum coke after desulfurization is not destroyed to the greatest extent.Therefore,oxidative desulfurization coupled process enhancement assisted desulfurization should have bright prospect in industrial application of petroleum coke desulphurization.

The large?scale use of fossil fuels has led to excessive CO₂ emissions, resulting in a series of problems such as rising temperatures, melting glaciers, and the accumulation of diseases and pests. Using electrochemical reduction of CO₂ (CO₂RR) to convert CO₂ into valuable chemicals and fuels has become a way to realize the carbon cycle. Over the years, good progress has been made in using metals and their oxides, carbon based materials, monatomic catalysts and other electrocatalysts for CO₂RR, but rare earth metals as "industrial vitamins" have been rarely reported for CO₂RR. This paper summarizes the application of rare earth elements as carriers, main catalysts and cocatalysts in CO₂RR, and explores the catalytic performance of rare earth materials in CO₂RR, so as to promote practical research of industrial application.

To prevent accidents like the "3?12" explosion and fire incident in the hydrogenation unit of a petrochemical enterprise in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, this study proposes the application of Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) and Safety Integrity Level (SIL) classification in the basic design phase of the emergency cut?off function hazards control project for a refining and chemical enterprise. HAZOP analysis adopts a workflow based on the parameter preference method while SIL classification is based on the LOPA (Layers of Protection Analysis) method, following the ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practical) principle. HAZOP & SIL classification was carried out for a coking steam kerosene hydrorefining unit, a hydrogenation combined diesel hydrorefining unit and an ethylbenzene unit in a refining enterprise. A total of 12 accident scenarios were identified and 6 recommended measures were put forward. The results demonstrate that HAZOP & SIL classification can effectively assist the refining and chemical enterprise in managing the risks of intermingling pressures, maintaining control over safety production, reducing intermingling pressure risks to an acceptable level, or eliminating them promptly, thereby preventing accidents caused by intermingling pressures and ensuring the inherent safety of the refining and chemical enterprise.

Metal?nitrogen doped carbon is an emerging class of non?precious metal electrocatalysts used in carbon dioxide reduction reactions(CO₂RR).Metal?nitrogen doped carbon is an emerging class of non?precious metal electrocatalysts in carbon dioxide reduction reactions(CO₂RR).Current preparation methods mainly use impregnation?based post?processing,which often involves multiple preparation steps and limited types of metals.In this work,an iron?copper(FeCu) and nitrogen doped carbon catalyst was prepared through a coordination competition strategy.In the preparation,4,4?bipyridine served as ligand and iron nitrate and copper chloride as metal sites to form FeCu coordination polymers,which was directly transformed into FeCu?nitrogen doped porous carbon catalysts.The physicochemical properties such as morphological structure,metal species state and pore structure were characterized by SEM,TEM,XRD and N₂ adsorption?desorption,respectively.The performance of different FeCu?nitrogen doped carbon catalysts in electrocatalytic CO₂RR to syngas was examined in a three?electrode system.The regulation of n(CO)/n(H₂) in syngas was studied by adjusting the metal composition,metal combination and pyrolysis temperature,etc.The n(CO)/n(H₂) generated in the wide potential range of -0.7 V to -1.3 V can be regulated in the range of 0.15~3.33,which can meet the supply gas ratios for important reactions such as methanol synthesis,Fischer?Tropsch reaction and syngas fermentation.

While fossil energy is being exhausted day by day,and the problem of environmental pollution needs to be solved urgently.However,the social demand for energy is growing,so the development of green energy has received extensive attention from many scientific researchers.As an efficient energy conversion device,fuel cell has many advantages such as high efficiency, high performance and environmental friendliness.In the choice of fuel cell catalyst,Pt?based catalysts are the preferred materials because of their unique catalytic properties,but their high preparation cost and unstable catalytic properties have hindered the commercialisation of Pt?based catalysts.The working principle of Pt?based catalysts for cathode oxygen reduction reaction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and the influencing mechanism of catalyst activity are briefly introduced.The research direction of Pt?based catalysts is summarized.Finally,the development direction of future research is prospected.

In order to investigate the synergistic catalytic aquathermolysis after external catalyst entering the reservoir and complexation with in?situ inorganic minerals,a simulated internal and external synergistic catalyst of montmorillonite?supported zinc citrate complex was prepared,and its catalytic viscosity reduction performance for heavy oil was investigated.The heavy oil before and after the reaction was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),gas chromatography(GC) and elemental analysis(EA).The results showed that the composite catalyst B@Zn(Ⅱ)L increased the viscosity reduction rate of heavy oil from 55.2% to 65.4% at 30 ℃,which confirmed the phenomenon of internal and external source synergistic catalysis in heavy oil thermal recovery.After synergizing the composite catalyst B@Zn(Ⅱ)L with the hydrogen supply agent ethanol,the viscosity reduction rate of heavy oil increased from 65.4% to 80.1%.After the reaction of heavy oil, some of the high hydrocarbon compounds in the heavy oil were cracked into low hydrocarbon compounds after the reaction,and some heavy components were decomposed into light components.Therefore, the wax precipitation point of heavy oil decreased,the mass fraction of N and S decreased,the content of high hydrocarbons decreased,and the content of low carbon hydrocarbons increased.

Perovskite photovoltaic cells are considered as the most promising third generation photovoltaic products due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency and flexible processing while the high temperature encapsulation process of traditional encapsulation materials can hardly meet the demand of high performance of perovskite photovoltaic modules.In this paper, an adhesive film material by free radical co?polymerization process was successfully synthesized.Light transmission and bonding are characterized by infrared spectroscopy and tensile testing machine,confirming that the polymer is very suitable for chalcogenide photovoltaic cell encapsulation,and that the polymer can be effectively adhered to the chalcogenide solar cell and the outer layer of the glass at 80 ℃.The polymer is suitable for the encapsulation of chalcogenide photovoltaic cells.The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the encapsulated PSCs can reach 20.59%,and the encapsulated PSCs devices show good impact resistance.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) has simple synthesis process,flexible structure,economy,environmental protection and anion exchange,which strengthen its application range in the field of anti?corrosion coatings.The target properties of LDHs can be achieved by a combination of one or more processes,or chemically modified by surface modification and internal anion replacement,enhancing the applicability of LDHs to meet the needs of different fields of application.This paper mainly focuses on the synthesis method of LDHs,the mechanism of corrosion protection,the practical application of LDHs corrosion protection,and its limitations and prospects.It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods,and provides suggestions for future research on the application of LDHs in the field of corrosion protection.

Graphene exhibits outstanding mechanical,electrical,thermal,and optical properties,showcasing immense potential in enhancing the performance of polyimide composites.The unique two?dimensional characteristics of graphene allow for easy structural design and functional modification,presenting new opportunities for synthesizing polyimide composites with special functionalities.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress in graphene/polyimide nanocomposites in areas such as conductivity,mechanical properties,thermal properties and electromagnetic shielding.A systematic analysis was conducted on the influence of graphene's structure and functional modification on the performance of graphene/polyimide nanocomposites.Additionally,the application domains of different types of graphene/polyimide composites were discussed,with a detailed exploration of the interface interactions between graphene and the polyimide matrix and their impact on the properties of the nanocomposites.This article serves as a reference and inspiration for the subsequent development of multifunctional and high?performance graphene/polyimide nanocomposites.

Natural gas hydrates have vast reserves and are considered a new clean energy source for replacing traditional fossil fuels such as coal and oil in the future.The formation, inhibition and decomposition of natural gas hydrate are affected by many factors.When studying the inhibition and acceleration effect of chemical agents on hydrate decomposition,multiple factors should be considered, such as fresh water or sea water, different gas?liquid ratios in the reactor, and pressure. In this paper, hydrate?related simulation experiments were carried out through a self?designed visualization simulation device for hydrate formation,inhibition and decomposition in wellbore. Under a gas?liquid ratio of (150 : 350),the combined effects of a laboratory?prepared KHI3 inhibitor and different concentrations of NaCl were analyzed to determine the optimal concentration combination. The experiment found that under the compound scheme of 3%NaCl+1%KHI3, hydrate is not easy to generate, but when the concentration of KHI3 is 2%, the nucleation rate of hydrate increases instead,which promotes the generation of hydrate.In practical applications,the concentration of the inhibitor should be strictly controlled to avoid pipeline blockage caused by massive hydrate formation.

Aerogel is a solid material with the smallest density and lightest weight in the world at present. Its unique three?dimensional network structure makes it widely used. Cellulose aerogels not only have the characteristics of high porosity and high specific surface area of aerogels, but also can be degraded by microorganisms and be compatible with other substances, which is a new energy suitable for sustainable development. The preparation process of cellulose aerogel—sol gel process and hydrogel drying process are described. In addition, the applications of cellulose aerogel in oil?water separation, heat insulation, phase change, supercapacitor, biomedicine and other aspects are also introduced, and its development is prospected.

In the process of hydrogen storage by MOFs materials, the low thermal conductivity of the materials leads to heat accumulation,which affects the hydrogen storage performance.In order to improve the thermal conductivity of the adsorbent material and take into account its hydrogen storage capacity, numerical simulation was used to analyze the optimal regulation range of the thermal conductivity of the adsorbent material.The results show that when the thermal conductivity of the adsorbent material is in the range of 0~1.2 W/(m·K), the maximum temperature, average temperature and hydrogen absorption capacity of the hydrogen storage tank are obviously improved with the increase of thermal conductivity.When the thermal conductivity of the material is greater than 1.2 W/(m·K), the improvement effect is significantly weakened; when the material thermal conductivity is greater than 2.0 W/(m·K), the improvement effect almost disappears. Therefore, the optimal thermal conductivity of the adsorbent should be controlled at about 1.2 W/(m·K).

Anthraquinone dyes are the second most significant dyes in the dye industry after azo dyes.Nitroanthraquinone prepared by the nitration of anthraquinone,is one of the important raw materials for the synthesis of various types of anthraquinone dyes.In this study,a microreactor with excellent heat and mass transfer properties was utilized to investigate the continuous?flow nitration process of anthraquinone.The effects of key process parameters such as reaction temperature,volume flow rate,molar ratio of nitric acid to anthraquinone,anthraquinone concentration,residence time,and sulfuric acid intensity on the nitration process were examined.The results showed that the competition between mono? and di?nitrification reactions during anthraquinone nitrification was significant, and the adjustment of process parameters would significantly affect the ratio of mono? and di?nitrification products while promoting the conversion rate of anthraquinone.The full use of the advantages of microreactors to precisely regulate the process parameters is an effective measure to improve the selectivity of the target nitration product.

This paper studies the stability of crude oil emulsion characterized by conductivity difference between upper and lower layers. According to the changes of conductivity in the upper and lower layers of crude oil emulsion system, combined with optical microscope observation, the methods and conditions to characterize the stability of crude oil emulsion can be studied by the difference of conductivity between the upper and lower layers. Research finds that when the crude oil system is demulsified and phase separated, the composition, morphology and conductivity of the upper and lower emulsions will be different.Therefore, the conductivity difference between the upper and lower emulsions can be used as the characterization parameter of emulsion stability. By measuring the conductivity and the difference values of the upper and lower layers of the system at different electrical test signal frequencies (0.1,1.0,10.0,100.0 kHz), it is found that the conductivity values and the difference values at high frequency are greater than those at low frequency, and the sensitivity is higher. In addition,when the conductivity difference is greater than 15%, the system is unstable. The experimental results show that the method is also suitable for emulsion system containing anionic surfactant.

To efficiently remove organics in coking wastewater, this paper prepared an amphiphilic chitosan?loaded bentonite adsorbent (C18CS?BT).The structure and morphology of the adsorbent were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT?IR),X?ray diffraction,and scanning electron microscope.By comparing the removal rates of C18CS?BT,unmodified chitosan?loaded bentonite (CS?BT),and bentonite (BT),the study explored the effect mechanism of hydrophobic modified adsorbent on the removal of the organics in coking wastewater.The results show that compared with BT and CS?BT,C18CS?BT features lower dosage, wider application range of pH value,and shorter adsorption equilibrium time.The optimized treatment process is the adsorbent dosage of 1.5 g/L,the adsorption time of 60 min,and the system pH value of 7.0. The COD in coking wastewater after BT, CS?BT and C18CS?BT treatment is reduced from 342 mg/L to 264,218,146 mg/L, and the corresponding removal rates of organics are 22.81%,36.26% and 57.31%, respectively. GC?MS result analysis also confirms that C18CS?BT could remove most of the organics in coking wastewater, especially long?chain alkanes and their derivatives.The hydrophobic modification of the adsorbent can effectively improve the removal performance of organics in coking wastewater.

Chiral epichlorohydrin is obtained by kinetic resolution of racemic epichlorohydrin through hydrolysis. Chiral epichlorohydrin is a valuable intermediate which is widely used in the synthesis of medicine and material. Salen refers to a base formed by the condensation of two identical aldehyde molecules and a diamine molecule, and the complex formed by its combination with metals is called Salen metal complex, which is often used in the synthesis of chiral epichlorohydrin. In this paper, the development of Salen metal complex catalysts and their application in chiral epichlorohydrin synthesis are reviewed. At the same time, the deactivation mechanism of catalyst in the process of hydrolytic kinetic resolution was investigated and the application prospect of synthesis of chiral epichlorohydrin using Salen metal complex catalysts was prospected.

During the injection process, micro?nano bubbles are generated in the oil?displacing agent polyacrylamide (HPAM) system. This will lead to the oxidative degradation of HPAM and the loss of viscosity. In order to determine the effect of micro?nano bubbles on the change rule of the viscosity retention rate and structure of HPAM solution, the viscosity retention rate at different aeration conditions was studied, and technologies such as dynamic laser scattering, biological microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy were carried out. Results showed that the viscosity retention rate of HPAM sample, which was prepared with simulated mineralized water after 20 mins circulation of the micro?nano bubbles generator with air as the gas source, decreases the most, and its viscosity average molecular weight is also the lowest. This is attributed to the chemical reaction between oxygen and HPAM molecules in the solution, leading to oxidative degradation. The micro?nano bubbles containing air increase the solubility of oxygen in the solution and generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH), thereby reducing the viscosity retention. In the absence of inflation, micro?nano bubbles are formed in the HPAM solution during the preparation process due to mechanical shear, but the high concentration of the solution hinders the dispersion of micro?nano bubbles, thereby slowing down the decrease in viscosity retention. In addition, micro?nano bubbles have a longer stabilization time in solution than large bubbles, and will affect the particle size distribution of the polymer, resulting in uneven particle size distribution and larger average particle size.

Controlling the use of fossil fuels and promoting the development of alternative new and clean energy sources is consistent with the theme of synergistic development between resource development and environmental protection. As a green energy source with high energy density, nuclear energy can be widely applied to alleviate the energy shortage in our country. The proven uranium resource content in seawater is more than 1 000 times higher than that in uranium mines. Extracting uranium from seawater is a potential way to ensure the long?term supply of uranium resource and the sustainable development of nuclear power. Adsorption has emerged as one of the effective methods for extracting uranium from seawater due to its advantages of high adsorption efficiency, simple operation, low cost, and environmentally friendly. However, the adsorption faces a number of challenges when extracting uranium from seawater, such as the extremely low concentrations of uranium in seawater and their stable existence in the form of Ca₂UO₂(CO₃)₃ or [UO₂(CO₃)₃]^4-, as well as a large variety and quantity of coexisting ions. Therefore, the preparation of high?performance adsorbents to achieve efficient and selective separation and enrichment of uranium in seawater is one of the important research topics in the field of environmental science. In this review, the types of adsorbents for uranium extraction from seawater and the performance enhancement strategies of their properties are briefly introduced, with the aim of helping researchers in this field design promising adsorbents for practical seawater uranium extraction.

Surface?enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an important spectroscopic method with the advantages of high sensitivity, simplicity, fast detection and good selectivity. The performance of SERS is highly dependent on the properties of the enhanced substrate. Cellulose is one kind of the most abundant biopolymer in the world, which is inexpensive, readily available, renewable and environmental friendly. Therefore, cellulosic materials are usually employed to prepare SERS substrate. In this review, the enhancement mechanism of SERS was firstly disscussed, and then the fabrication of cellulose SERS substrates were introduced. The applications of cellulose SERS substrates were reviewed in biological analysis, water quality assessment, food safety and environmental pollution, and dye identification.

Cobalt?based catalyst is regarded as a suitable choice for Fischer?Tropsch synthesis (FTS) due to its high activity and strong C—C bond formation ability. FTS reaction mechanism of Co?based catalysts was summarised, and the structure of the active phase as well as the conformational relationship between additives and catalytic performance were analysed. For clarifying the role of catalyst supports, the promotion of FTS reaction via regulating metal?carrier interaction was also summarized. Specially, the direct synthesis of liquid fuel by coupling metal Co with zeolite catalyst was discussed, and the reaction route for liquid fuel and the character of as?used bifunctional catalyst were focused.

Graphene oxide has become a popular material for research in recent years due to its unique physical and chemical properties. The preparation, functionalization, and application of graphene based composite membrane materials have become cutting?edge and popular topics. This article reviews the assembly methods and performance research of graphene oxide based composite membrane materials, including graphene oxide based composite Langmuir?Blodgett (LB) film, graphene oxide based composite electrospinning film, and other graphene oxide based composite films. It summarizes the recent research progress of graphene oxide based composite films and prospects their application prospects.

Highstrength polymer materials with excellent mechanical properties and wear?resistance have been widely used in water pumps, electric generator and other fields as a new generation of bearing materials. A high performance polyurethane/carbon fiber composite （PUE/CF） was prepared by combining chopped carbon fiber (CF) with polyurethane elastomer (PUE), and the effects of carbon fiber content on the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the hardness of the composite can reach 60 ~ 68 HD, the tensile strength and elongation at break can reach 54 MPa and 298% respectively. Under dry friction condition, 0.16 of friction coefficient and 0.570% of wear rate can be obtained. Under water friction condition, 0.02 of friction coefficient and 0.129% of wear rate can be obtained. In summary, the composite prepared in this paper can meet the application requirements of polymer bearing bush and have broad application prospects in the field of automobile and ship.

Different morphology CeO₂ was used as a catalyst to catalyse the synthesis of trimethylene carbonate from CO₂ and 1,3?propanediol.The structure and composition of cerium oxides were characterized by SEM, TEM, XPS and XRD. The results showed that the yield of trimethylene carbonate was up to 72.5% at 130 ℃ for 4 h when using the rod?shaped cerium oxide as catalyst and 2?cyanopyridine as dehydrating agent. R?CeO₂ has a higher number of defect sites and an suitable specific surface area, The average particle size is small and it has moderate number of Lewis acidic sites. Based on this, the substrate range was expanded, and the experimental results showed that both five?membered cyclic carbonates and six?membered cyclic carbonates could be obtained in good yields.

In order to achieve high ionic conductivity and good alkaline resistance of Polysulfone?based AEMs, chloromethylated polysulfone was prepared by green method, and crown ether?functionalized polysulfone membranes with different triethylamine and amino crown ether contents were then prepared using amino crown ether as cross?linking agent and metal ions and triethylamine as cationic groups followed by crown ether functional polysulfone membrane with triethylamine and triethylamine as cationic groups(PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X ).The effect of the addition of polyethylene glycol on the membrane properties was explored by introducing the low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the above polysulfone cross?linking membrane.The results shown that the presence of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol helps to facilitate the formation of ordered ion channels in the membrane.The conductivity and alkali?resistant stability of PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X ?PEG were improved compared to PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X membrane.Among them, the electrical conductivity of PSF?CE_0.1?QA_0.9?PEG at 80 ℃ is 56.78 mS/cm,which can retain 85% of the original conductivity after alkaline resistance test.In addition,PSF?CE _X ?QA_1?X ?PEG has good dimensional and thermal stability.

The Tb coordination complex [Tb(H₂O)₈]?(L)?2(4,4'?bipy)?3H₂O（complex 1） was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of sodium 1,3,6?naphthalene trisulfonate (Na₃L) and 4,4'?bipy (4,4'?bipy) with Tb(NO₃)₃?6H₂O. The molecular structure and composition of complex 1 were characterized by single crystal X?ray diffraction, FT?IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. Thermal stability and fluorescence emission properties of complex 1 were also evaluated. The results indicate that Tb³⁺ is eight?coordinated in a tetragonal antiprismatic coordination configuration and coordinates with eight H₂O molecules to form [Tb(H₂O)₈]³⁺.L^3- does not coordinate with metal ion, but only balances the positive charge in the molecule. The formation of hydrogen bonds between the sulfonic acid group of the L^3- and the coordinating H₂O molecule connects the [Tb(H₂O)₈]³⁺ and the L^3- to form a one?dimensional chain structure,which in turn expands into a two?dimensional lamellar structure.The fluorescence emission peaks of complex 1 at 395，453 nm are the characteristic peaks of Na₃L, and the emission peaks at 545,601，641 nm are the characteristic peaks of Tb³⁺.

The traditional method for determining the oil content of oily sludge was improved, and the extraction smartphone image colorimetry was established by combining the image colorimetry with the pretreatment method of hot solvent extraction. The effects of RGB value, different color channels, shutter time, sensitivity, white balance and other parameters on the determination of oil content were investigated. Under the premise that the light source was tungsten iodide lamp and the front camera of Samsung A8s mobile phone was used, the best test conditions were finally determined: white balance value was 2 800 K, sensitivity value was 100, shutter time was 1 / 2 000 s. The linear correlation coefficients of the method under the optimal test conditions were more than 0.99 under the optimal test conditions, and the linear range was similar to that of the spectrophotometric method, with the detection limit of 0.06% and the lower limit of 0.24%. The recoveries of 8 groups of parallel standard samples were 96%~103%, and the relative standard deviation was 2.26%, which indicated that the accuracy of this method was relatively high. Compared with the traditional method, this method is more simple and rapid, and its accuracy can meet the needs of conventional oil content measurement, which is expected to realise the rapid on?site determination of oil content of large?scale oil?containing sludge in plants.

Paraffin is mainly composed of n?alkanes, small amounts of i?alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and trace amounts of S,N,O compounds. Under the action of ultraviolet light and heat, those compounds containing elements S,N,O,aromatic and unstable elements of alkene aromatic can be oxidated,resulting in a darker color and lower paraffin light stability.In order to explore the reasons for the deterioration of the paraffin light stability,the effects of internal factors such as nitrates,sulfides and oil content on the paraffin light stability were investigated.Orthogonal experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ultraviolet absorbers,hindered amine light stabilizers,antioxidants and its compounding agent on the improvement of the paraffin light stability.The results showed that the best paraffin light stability was achieved when the additive amounts of UV absorbers, hindered amine light stabilizers and antioxidants in the compound were 300 μg/g, 300 μg/g and 300 μg/g, respectively.

A series of B?MFI zeolites were synthesized using a solvent?free method using tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) as a template. XRD, SEM, N₂ adsorption desorption, in situ infrared spectroscopy, and pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the effect of template agent addition on the physicochemical properties of B?MFI zeolites, and the performance of 1?butene double bond isomerization reaction was investigated. The results showed that the addition of template significantly affected the grain size and skeleton boron species content of B?MFI zeolites. When the template agent addition was 4.500 g (n（SiO₂）/n（TPAOH)=11.6）, the B?MFI zeolites obtained had the smallest particle size and the largest number of silicon boron hydroxyl pits, providing more highly active reaction sites. The reaction evaluation results confirmed that when using B?MFI molecular sieve catalyst for the double bond isomerization of 1?butene, the conversion rate of 1?butene was as high as 70.00%, and the selectivity of 2?butene was greater than 99%. The catalyst had excellent stability and showed no signs of deactivation during the evaluation period.

A new method for the synthesis of esters by C=C bond breaking in olefins has been realised using cobalt nanoparticles (Co?NC?900) as catalysts and oxygen as oxidant.The catalytic system has a wide range of substrate applications and functional group compatibility.A diverse set of mono? and multi?substituted aromatic and aliphatic alkenes could be effectively cleaved and converted into the corresponding esters by C=C bond cleavage. In addition, the catalyst can be recycled up to six times without significant loss of activity.Characterization analysis revealed nanostructured nitrogen?doped graphene?layer coated cobalt nanoparticleis possibly responsible for excellent catalytic activity.Mechanistic studies revealed that alcohols or ketones derived from olefins under oxidative conditions are formed as intermediates,which subsequently are converted to esters through a tandem sequential process.

The preparation of activated carbon from residue of a distillation reactor is an efficient and economical strategy for the utilization of hazardous waste resources.However,the prepared activated carbon is generally powdered,which is difficult to meet the requirements of industrial application.In this work,the activated carbon microspheres were prepared based on the rectification residue activated carbon from the powders,using deionized water as the solvent and polyacrylic acid (PAA),sodium alginate (SA) and Ca²⁺ as the additives.The effects of SA,Ca²⁺ and PAA amount on the structure and mechanical strength of the activated carbon microspheres were investigated.X?ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the shaping mechanism of activated carbon microspheres.The activated carbon microspheres were applied in the tetracycline adsorption,and the maximum adsorption capacity of tetracycline was up to 257.8 mg/g.At the same time,after 9 months of water stability test,the activated carbon microspheres still had good adsorption performance and mechanical strength. This shaping strategy adopted green and economical raw materials,which could effectively solve the problems of powder shaping and poor performance of microspheres,and provide the effective solution for the industrial application of high?performance materials.

The modification of waterborne polyurethane(WPU) coating can be improved, and the nanocomposite particles can be added to WPU coating, and its mechanical properties and ultraviolet resistance can be improved.GO was synthesized by modified Hummers method, nano?ZnO/CeO₂ by copprecipitation, and nano?GO?ZnO/CeO₂ by in situ polymerization.It was also characterised by FT?IR,TEM,SEM,XRD,etc.,and the effect of nano?GO?ZnO/CeO₂ doping on the performance of WPU was explored.The results showed that nano?GO?ZnO/CeO₂ was composed of hybrid particles formed by ZnO and CeO₂ of cubic crystal fluorite structure on the GO surface. Compared with the pure WPU film,the fracture tensile strength and elongation at break of the WPU film with the addition of a mass fraction of 0.6% nano?GO?ZnO/CeO₂ increased by 43.1% and 47.0%.After 168 h of UV aging experiments,the modified membrane absorbed 15.4% of water,increased the tensile strength at break by 328.0% and the elongation at break by 39.0%.It shows that nano?GO?ZnO/CeO₂ can effectively improve the mechanical properties and UV aging resistance of WPU after film formation.

Aiming at the problems of slow generation rate,low storage capacity and harsh generation conditions of CO₂ during the hydrate generation process,bimetallic Cu and Al?loaded graphene oxide materials were used as additives for the kinetic characterisation of CO₂ hydrate generation.Firstly,the prepared GO?Cu?Al material was characterized by TEM,EDS,XPS,and stability analysis.Secondly,experiments were conducted on the kinetics of CO₂ hydrate formation under 274.15 K and 3.0 MPa.The effects of different additive concentrations on the induction time,reaction time, gas consumption,and gas storage capacity of CO₂ hydrate formation were analyzed,and a comparison was made between monometallic and bimetallic supported materials.The results show that bimetallic Cu and Al can be uniformly loaded onto graphene oxide with good stability.At 274.15 K,3.0 MPa,and a concentration of 50 \mathrm{\mu } \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{g} ,the induction time of CO₂ hydrate is 85 min, the reaction time is 170 min, the gas consumption is 0.216 mol,and the gas storage capacity is 123.81 cm³/cm³.Compared with pure water system,the induction time and reaction time are shortened by about \mathrm{1}/\mathrm{4} and \mathrm{1}/\mathrm{7} respectively,and the gas consumption and storage capacity are correspondingly improved.Compared with the monometallic loading system，the maximum induction time is shortened by about \mathrm{1}/\mathrm{2} , the maximum reaction time is shortened by about \mathrm{1}/\mathrm{5} , and the gas storage capacity is significantly improved.

The Ruddlesden?Popper (RP) perovskitetype composite cathode material was prepared by a sol?gel method,and the performance of using it as a SOFC cathode was evaluated.XRD result shows that the composite material calcined at 1 200 ℃ was (La_2/3Sr_4/3)FeO₄?(La_4/3Sr_8/3)Fe₃O₁₀ (LSF).At 400 ℃,the highest conductivity of the sample is 57.0 S/cm in air.At 800 ℃,the interfacial polarization resistance of the LSF electrode on La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3-δ (LSGM) electrolyte is 0.198 Ω·cm².Based on a single cell supported by a 300?μm?thick LSGM,the peak power density of the sample when used as a cell cathode was up to 670 mW/cm² when used as the cathode of the cell, with no performance degradation for 50 h of continuous operation.Experiments show that the LSF cathode has excellent and stable electrochemical performance,and is a very promising cathode material for SOFC.

Using artificial simulation of diesel contaminated soil, the degradation and remediation ability of functional microbial communities on diesel contaminated soil, as well as changes in microbial diversity and microbial structure composition, were studied. The experimental results of microbial community degradation of diesel in soil showed that after 30 days of degradation, the final degradation rate of microbial community on diesel pollution in soil reached 74.3%.The respiratory intensity of the microbial community in the soil gradually increases within 30 days. When the soil depth changes, the degradation ability of the microbial community gradually weakens with the increase of depth. The results of high throughput sequencing showed that after 30 days of degradation, the microbial diversity and richness in the soil increased compared with the initial degradation, indicating that the microbial community could adapt to the diesel pollution environment well. The initial microbial community for diesel degradation is mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and a small amount of Bctoidetes. After 30 days of cultivation, the main dominant bacteria in the surface soil are Proteobacteria, while the main dominant bacteria in the deep soil are Firmicutes. Studying the remediation of diesel?contaminated soil by microbial communities and changes in microbial structure and diversity, technical support can be provided for the remediation of diesel?contaminated soil.

After the application of a non?ionic polyether clear water agent in an oilfield in the Bohai Sea,the difficulty of dewatering crude oil in the downstream terminal treatment plant increased,and the water content of the outgoing crude oil frequently exceeded the standard.The Effect of nonionic polyether water clarifier on crude oil dehydration was researched,the reasons of difficulty in dewatering were analysed,and the emulsion could not be treated by conventional polyether demulsifier.Polyamines were synthesised from dimethylamine,dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine and epichlorohydrin,while polyethylene?polyamines were used as cross?linking agents to synthesise polyamine copolymer emulsion breakers.The emulsion breaker can reduce the water content of the external crude oil to less than 0.5% at a concentration of 80 mg/L,and reduce the static dewatering time of the crude oil from more than 120 h to less than 48 h.This effectively solves the problem of excessive water content in the external crude oil of the terminal treatment plant.

MoS₂ quantum dots (QDs) have attracted a lot of attention lately due to their excellent fluorescence properties, catalytic activity, and good biocompatibility. There are various ways to prepare MoS₂ QDs since its first preparation in 2010, including hydrothermal, ultrasonic, and etching methods. Even though other molybdenum?based quantum dots like MoP, Mo₂C, Mo₂N, and MoSe₂ have shown great potential in various fields, their preparation methods have rarely been reported. In this article, The preparation methods and research status of these molybdenum?based quantum dots (MoO₂/MoO₃, MoP, Mo₂C, Mo₂N amd MoSe₂) and comparing the advantages and limitations of different preparation methods were discussed. The key problems in the synthesis of these quantum dots and their application prospects in different directions were discussed.

Based on the first principles and wave function analysis theory,the one?photon absorption (OPA) spectra and two?photon absorption (TPA) spectra of the zigzag boundaries Twisted Bilayer Graphene Nanosheets (Z?TwBLG?NS) with different twist angles and their electronic excitation characteristics were studied.Firstly,the law and properties of the change of one?photon absorption spectrum and two?photon absorption spectrum with different twist angle were studied.Secondly,the characteristics of electron transition were analyzed visually.The results show that the absorption peaks are red?shifted to different degrees when the angle is not 0°,indicating that the angle modulates the absorption spectra of the system.The Z?TwBLG?NS with an angle of no 0° had obvious boundary effect, and the isosurface of electrons and holes were mainly distributed at the edge. Finally,the limiting effect of moiré pattern on electron transfer was revealed,which was reflected in the difference in the density of electrons and holes gathered in the moiré pattern.This study provides the analytical basis of physical mechanism for the generation of optical properties of Z?TwBLG?NS under the control of twist angle,as well as a research methodology for related research work.

Under the hydrothermal synthesis,an organic?inorganic hybrid compound was prepared through the self?assembly process by using phosphomolybdic acid as a polyoxometallate (polyacid for short) building block and triphenylphosphine as an organic ligand.Its molecular formula was determined by X?ray single?crystal diffraction technique as H₁₅{(PMo₁₂O₄₀)₂[MoO₄?(PPh₃)₄]₂?[NaO₃?(PPh₃)₃][(H₂O?PPh₃)₃]（compound 1),which is a novel inorganic?organic hybrid material formed by electrostatic interactions between [PMo₁₂O₄₀]^3-,[MoO₄?(PPh₃)₄]^2-,[NaO₃?(PPh₃)₃]^5- and H₂O?PPh₃ building blocks.The IR spectrum,luminescence spectra and cyclic voltammetric characteristic curves of compound 1 were also tested,focusing on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue(MB).The good ability of compound 1 to degrade organic dyes was demonstrated by photodegradation analysis experiments.

To reveal complex light?matter interactions, it is necessary to simplify the on?demand design of metamaterials for both forward and inverse applications. Deep learning, a popular data?driven approach, has recently alleviated to a large extent the time?consuming and empirical nature of widely used numerical simulations.A fully?connected deep neural network?based framework for inverse design and spectral prediction of broadband absorbers was proposed.The results demonstrate and validate the high accuracy of the proposed DNN model at 87.47%.The model not only outperform traditional numerical algorithms while ensuring accuracy, but also provides an important reference for on?demand design performance of metamaterials.

In recent years, the research of sodium?ion batteries has received more and more attention, and transition metal oxides are considered to be the most potential cathode material system for industrialization due to their easy preparation, low cost, high capacity and high electrochemical activity. As the cathode material of ternary transition metal oxide sodium?ion battery, NaFe_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ further improves the electrochemical performance of cathode materials on the basis of existing monic materials and binary materials. In this paper, the influence of conductive nanomaterial modification on its electrochemical performance was studied using ternary metal oxide NaFe_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ as a model, and a doping strategy was provided to improve the cathode material performance of ternary transition metal oxide sodium?ion batteries.

The development of efficient anode materials for carbon?based sodium ion batteries(SIBs) is a hot research topic. The prereduced graphene oxide(GO) was annealed at different temperatures to obtain wavy reduced graphene oxide(rGO) with different interlayer spacings for sodium?ion batteries(SIBs) anodes, and the electrolyte was further regulated to explore the relationship between the microstructure of graphene and sodium storage performance and sodium storage mechanism. The rGO anode after balancing the tuning layer spacing and conductivity shows a high initial coulombic efficiency of 82% in SIBs and excellent cycle stability of 93% capacity retention after 100 cycles through the sodium storage mechanism of intercalation and solvation Na⁺ co?adsorption in ether electrolyte.

The semiconductor, electroplating, metallurgy, and ceramic industries discharge high concentration fluoride containing wastewater, making fluoride pollution in natural water a global problem.Thus， Zn?Mg?Al LDO is a good adsorbent material. Under different reaction temperatures of n（Zn²⁺）/n（Mg²⁺）/n（Al³⁺）, Zn?Mg?Al LDH was synthesized by co?precipitation method, and Zn?Mg?Al?LDH was calcined at different temperatures to obtain Zn?Mg?Al?LDO. X?ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT?IR) and BET specific surface area testing methods were used to study the structure and properties of Zn?Mg?Al LDO. The adsorption experiment was conducted on 50 mL of NaF solution with an mass concentration of 20.0 mg/L to investigate the performance of Zn?Mg?Al LDO in adsorbing and removing fluoride ions. The results showed that the Zn?Mg?Al LDO prepared under the conditions of n（Zn²⁺）/n（Mg²⁺）/n（Al³⁺）=2∶1∶1, reaction temperature of 75 ℃, and calcination temperature of 400 ℃ exhibited the best adsorption and removal performance of fluoride ions, with an adsorption and removal rate of 85.39%. Zn?Mg?Al LDO has characteristic peaks of hydrotalcite, good crystal structure, and a layered structure. Zn?Mg?Al LDO is a mesoporous material with a specific surface area of 103.15 m²/g. In addition, the kinetics and adsorption mechanism of the adsorption process were also studied. The results indicate that the adsorption process follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and quasi second?order kinetic equation.

The rare earth?transition metal complex [LaCu₆（OH）₃（ClO₄）₃（Gly）₆（Im）₆]（ClO₄）₂·3（MeOH） （Gly = glycine，Im = imidazole） has been synthesized by evaporation method.The complex crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system with the R3 space group，a=1.591 99（12） nm，b=1.591 99（12） nm，c=2.354 20（2） nm，α=β=90°，γ=120°.The coordination units of the complexes are extended into three?dimensional structures via various forms of hydrogen bonding.The properties of the complex were characterized by infrared analysis，thermogravimetric analysis，fluorescence analysis and magnetic analysis.The results showed that the weight loss process of the complex is roughly divided into three steps，and the complex shows great thermal stability.Three characteristic peaks were found in fluorescence emission spectrum of the complex，which indicates that the complex exhibits weak fluorescence.There is antiferromagnetic interaction between metal ions in the complex.

Pt0.5?Snx/γ?Al₂O₃ catalysts with different Sn loads were prepared by constant volume sequential impregnation method and ultrasonic shock method to improve metal dispersion. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, H₂?TPR, CO?IR and TG, and the effects of Sn content on the active center structure and propane dehydrogenation performance of Pt0.5?Snx/γ?Al₂O₃ catalysts were investigated. The results showed that adjusting the n（Pt）/n（Sn） by changing the Sn content in the samples would lead to the difference in the spatial distribution of Pt and Sn species, and thus affect the mode of action between Pt and Sn. With the increase of Sn, the interaction between Pt?Sn helps to increase the dispersion of Pt, the number of active sites, the improvement of the reaction activity of the catalyst. However, when excessive Sn is introduced, a Pt?Sn alloy is formed, resulting in the coating of Pt, resulting in a decrease in the number of active sites and a decline in the reactivity.

Degradation of tetracycline(TC) is a challenge in the process of water pollution.A porous carbon material Zn@ZPC was obtained via direct roasting of ZIF?8 precursor and BiVO₄ （BVO）was prepared by a hydrothermal method. Subsequently,a hybrid BVO/Zn@ZPCcomposites were prepared by in?situ heat treatment of Zn@ZPC and BVO.Meanwhile,the effects of the addition amount of BVO and roasting temperature on catalyst properties and photocatalytic performance were discussed in the process.The morphology and structure of the photocatalysts,the state of the metal species, and the pore structure were analysed by XRD,SEM,TEM,XPS,N₂ adsorption?desorption,UV?vis DSR,and ESR techniques,respectively.The results showed that a Z?type heterojunction was formed between ZnO and BVO.In the experiments of photodegradation of tetracycline, BVO?40/Zn@ZPC?600 with a roasting temperature of 600 ℃and a BVO additive amount of 40 mg had the best photocatalytic degradation performance: under the irradiation of visible light,5 mg of the catalyst was able to completely degrade 100 mL TC(50 mg/L) within 60 min.