电解水制氢技术及其催化剂研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2022.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着社会经济的发展，能源和环境问题日益受到人们的广泛关注。氢能因其能量密度高、绿色无污染、储量丰富、应用广泛等优点，被认为是21世纪理想的清洁能源。电解水制氢是一种清洁的生产技术，在“双碳”的背景下得到蓬勃发展，其关键挑战在于开发高性能的析氢反应（HER）电催化剂，以降低水分解的过电势。详细介绍了目前主流的电解水制氢技术，分析了各技术的自身特性和优劣势，重点总结概括了HER催化剂的研究进展，最后对电解水制氢技术及其催化剂的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 氢能, 电解水技术, 析氢反应, 电催化剂, 过渡金属催化剂

Abstract:

As the society and economy move forward, energy and environmental problems have attracted extensive attention. Hydrogen energy is considered the ideal clean energy in the 21st century due to its high energy density, pollution?free attribute, abundant reserves, and wide application. As a clean production technology, hydrogen production by water electrolysis has developed vigorously under the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. The key challenge lies in the development of high?performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to reduce the overpotential of water splitting. This paper reviewed the current mainstream hydrogen production technologies by water electrolysis in detail and analyzed the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of each technology. Moreover,it summarized the research progress of HER catalysts and predicted the development directions of the hydrogen production technology by water electrolysis and its electrocatalysts.

Key words: Hydrogen energy, Water electrolysis technology, Hydrogen evolution reaction, Electrocatalyst, Transition metal catalyst

中图分类号:

TQ151

张瑀净, 张宝山, 孙洁. 电解水制氢技术及其催化剂研究进展[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2022, 35(6): 19-27.

Yujing Zhang, Baoshan Zhang, Jie Sun. Progress in Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis and Its Electrocatalysts[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2022, 35(6): 19-27.

图/表 8

图1 电解水制氢技术的工作原理

Fig.1 Working principle diagram of electrolytic hydrogen production

图2 Pt/OLC催化剂的制备示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of preparation of Pt/OLC catalyst

（a） Cu?Ru合金催化剂的水解离自由能（b） Cu?Ru合金催化剂的氢吸附自由能（c） Ru?NG、NG和Pt/C的极化曲线图3　贵金属Ru基催化剂的性能曲线

Fig.3 Performance curves of noble metal Ru?based catalysts

图4 过渡金属及其合金的电化学性能

Fig.4 Electrochemical performances of transition metals and alloys

图5 过渡金属氧化物催化剂的表征

Fig.5 Characterization of transition metal oxide catalysts

图6 过渡金属硫化物催化剂的表征

Fig.6 Characterization of transition metal sulfide catalysts

图7 过渡金属磷化物催化剂的性能曲线

Fig.7 Peformance curves of transition metal phosphide catalysts

图8 催化剂的d带中心位置

Fig.8 d?band center position of catalyst

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