Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and PANDCD compound with coagulant was used to coagulate solute colloid or suspended particles in dye wastewater from a coloured socks factory. The influence of pH, coagulant dosing quantity, coagulation settling time on the coagulant performance are investigated and the coagulant performance was evaluated by the removal rate of COD and chroma. The results indicate that: compound coagulant in the treatment effect is better than single coagulant|the best operating conditions for compound coagulant to treat the dye wastewater was: compound coagulant dosage 10 mg/L, coagulation settling time 25 minutes, pH=7. In this case, the removal rate of chroma was 97.7%, removal rate of COD was 67.2%.
B a 0. 6 S r 0. 4 Co 0. 9 N b 0. 1 O 3 --δ (BSCN) perovskitetype oxide was prepared by the solid state reaction. The high temperature chemical compatibility between BSCN0.6 and G d 0. 1 C e 0. 9 O 1. 9 -5(GDC) were analyzed by XRD. XRD patterns indicate that a week solid solution between BSCN0.6 and GDC takes place after the BSCN0.6GDC composite material was calcined at high temperature. However, this solid solution does not show a negative effect on the performance of the cathode. The mixture of BSCN0.6 and GDC in a weight ratio of 70∶30 was used as SOFC composite cathode and the electrical property, thermal expansion behavior and electrochemical performance were investigated. The electrical conductivity was found to decrease with increasing GDC content|however, the thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) of BSCN0.630%GDC composite cathode decreased, which enhances the thermal match between the cathode and GDC electrolyte. With BSCN0.630%GDC as the electrode, the polarization resistance of a symmetrical cell BSCN0.630%GDC//GDC is only 0.047～0.012 Ω•cm2 in 700～800 ℃. Therefore, BSCN0.630%GDC composite material is a promising ITSOFC cathode.
The source, the composition and the harm of iron and steel pickling waste water are introduced, and the state of art, the principle and the advantages/disadvantages on treating the iron and steel pickling waste water both domestic and abroad were analyzed. The present situation of acid recycling and metals recovery for the iron and steel pickling waste water is reviewed, and acid recycling methods including diffusion dialysis, membrane techniques, evaporation and spray roasting, and the metals recovery methods such as neutralization and precipitation, crystallization, ion exchange and so on are emphasized. These technology can achieve the acid recycling and metals recovery in order to make good use of resources.
The basic physicochemical characteristics of the Tacheng oil shales in Xinjiang province were investigated by a variety of experimental methods and a comprehensive evaluation was carried out. The properties of the oil shales such as oil yield, ash content, volatile component, calorific value, thermal intensity, rigidity and so on were investigated. The experimental result shows that the average oil yield is 7.32%, the average ash content is 65.94%, the average volatile component is 20.41%, the average calorific value is 4.55 MJ/kg, the thermal intensity and rigidity are both similar to the Fushun oil shales. In addition, the compositions of oil shales' ash were analyzed and demonstrated to be S i O2、 A l 2O3、 F e 2O3、 C a Oand MgO. Among them, SiO2 is main composition, followed by Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The comprehensive evaluation result shows that the basic physicochemical characteristics of the Tacheng oil shales in Xinjiang are close to that of Fushun oil shales, and the Fushun furnace retorting technology can suit the process of the Tacheng oil shale in Xinjiang.
With the Yzeolite as a carrier, nickel nitrate as the active component, a sorbent for FCC gasoline adsorption desulfurization is prepared. Treated with moist gas under the different temperature, the prepared adsorbent has a specific surface area 780 m2/g and aperture about 0.742 nm. The prepared sorbent are used for FCC gasoline desulfurization in the microreactor, the effects of space velocity on adsorbent activity of adsorption desulfurization are investigated. The results show that the adsorbent has good activity and its adsorption desulfurization rate reaches 89% when the active component content in the weight of Yzeolite is 15% and treated at 950 ℃, and space velocity is 0.5 h-1.
Base on the twostep method, ionic liquid \[BPy\]\[CF3SO3\] was synthesized from 1,4Butane sultone, ridine trifluoromethane sulfonic acid and py. Oxidationextraction desulfurization of model oil has been carried out with the ionic liquid as catalyst and 30% H2O2 as the oxidant. Desulfurization rate of model oil could reach to 94%, when treating 10 mL model oil with 0.6 g ionic liquid, 0.2 mL H2O2 at 50 ℃ for 30 min. After drying with rotary evaporator, the ionic liquid was regenerated for nextrun use, and the desulfurization rate could be still as high as 70% after recycling 5times.
Alumina were prepared with aluminium sulfate as aluminium source, ammonium bicarbonate as precipitant, using substep aging method and L9 (34) orthogonal table. Factors inculding ammonium bicarbonate concentration, reaction temperature, pH and n(HCO-3)/n（Al3+） were studied. The alumina were characterized by the N2 physisorption and bulk density measurement, XRD and SEM as well. After orthogonal analysis, reaction temperature and pH have significant effect on textile properties of γAl2O3. Optimum preparation conditions were determined by macropore formation, and they were as follows: reaction temperature 75 ℃, pH 8.5, the concentration of ammonium bicarbonate 2 mol/L, n(HCO-3)/n（Al3+） ratio 075. Besides that, Y5 has big pore volume up to 2.02 mL/g, bimodal pore distribution and fibrous particles which have uniform size around 1 μm.
atalytic alkylation of thiophene with laurylene by four kinds of Y zeolite catalyst was evaluated with gasoline as raw material in a small batch reactor. The experimental results show that USY1 molecular sieve shows highest alkylation activity and better selectivity than the other three catalysts. The optimum conditions of catalytic alkylation by USY1 molecular sieve was as follows: the reaction temperature 140 ℃, reaction time 2 h, catalyst to oil ratio 1∶10. Under above conditions, thiophene conversion rate could reach 88.17%, and high activity could be kept after recycling the catalyst 4 times.
A chlorinefree composite as oilwell cement early strength agent named LL was developed. Combining organic acids A, alcohol amines B and nitrate compound C in a certain ratio, the compressive of cement stone in 6 h as the strength examining index can be designed in optimization test using the orthogonal method. The optimum formula determined by orthogonal was as follows: the weight of organic acids D is 1.0% based on cement，the weight of alcohols amines E is 0.04%，the weight of nitrates F is 4%. Under the optimum proportion, and the performance test of early strength agent LL was carried out after its addition of 2.5% in the cement. The ratio of the thickening time of early strength agent LL slurry to cement slurry is 0.436 less than 0.5, and the compressive strength of cement stone 6 h (39 ℃ and atmospheric pressure) is 11.0 MPa more than 4.0 MPa, they are all meeting the requirement of early strength agent industry standard SY/T5504.4—2008. And it has a good compatibility with the homemade retarders MAM, dispersants FASA and fluid loss AS.
By introducing PCM in the multifrequency principles and using DM produced by Radiodetection company, the article showed respectively the detection results of the anticorrosion layers from Shuwulian to first station, from Shuyilian to Shuwulian and from Shusilian to first station gathering pipelines in Shuguang oil production plant in Liaohe oilfield. The inferior and poor level of the three pipelines was accounted for 50.2%,51.8% and 42.9% respectively on all the anticorrosion layers. The detect results and the verification of suspected leaks were consistent. There were certain limitations when PCM was used only to detect underground pipes .If it was combinated with other detection means, the results would be more accurate.
In order to improve the performance of the conventional segmental baffle heat exchanger's heat transfer, a new type of baffle heat exchanger, namely a spherical baffle heat exchanger was proposed. Numerical analysis models for the spherical baffle heat exchanger which radius of curvature was 0.75D and conventional segmental baffle heat exchanger were established and the distribution of the shell side fluid flow field and the shell side pressure drop and the coefficient of heat transfer were obtained. The results indicate that under the conditions of the same structure parameters and the inlet flow velocity, shell side pressure drops cause by the spherical baffle heat exchanger were lower by8%～11% than those caused by the conventional segmental baffle, while the shell side heat transfer coefficient was decreased by 1%～5% compared with the spherical baffles.
Because of the natural life of the pipeline and the impact of artificial factors, pipeline leakage accidents occur frequently. It is very important to detect pipeline leaks and determine the leak location to minimize damage and maintain the safe operation of the pipeline. Be aimed at the products pipeline leak, the CFD simulation software was used to simulate changes in the pipeline pressure. Once the pressure changed at the pipe end and beginning, the pipeline leak happened somewhere. Then under the pressure gradient changes of the pipeline end and beginning, the pressure gradient method was used to ultimately determine the leak location of the pipeline.
Being aimed at the problem of contaminated oil in batch transportation of the same gasoline and diesel on different density condition during product oil flowing through the downhill and uphill, with the help of VOF model, the numerical calculation of threedimensional flow model was established. The influence of contaminated oil from different sequence，density，pipe range on boundary layer region was researched on the uphill and downhill road. The results showed that for uphill pipeline the length of the mixed oil of forward diesel was longer than forward gasoline，and the mixed oil volume of forward diesel was greater than forward gasoline. For downhill pipeline the length of the mixed oil of forward gasoline was longer than forward diesel and the mixed oil volume was greater than forward diesel. During forward the same gasoline and trailing diesel for different density diesel, the smaller density could help reduce mixed oil volume.
CP Oilfield is a dual medium of porosity glutenite anticline structure and is a x3suhshallow heavy oil reservoir. It was developed in natural depletion manner but the development effect was poor. Thermal development method is expected to get the better development effect according to the characteristics of crude oil that has the high viscosity, poor flow properties and buries in the creviced formation. According to the screening criteria of heavy oil development we analyzed and verified the result with reservoir numerical simulation method. The results show that depletion manner + huff and puff is the best development method. The ultimate recovery can be 52%. The reservoir numerical simulation method was farther applied to optimize the parameters and analyzed the sensitivity of the bottom hole dryness fraction. According to the optimized results of numerical simulation, the plan was implemented for one well in CP heavy oil reservoir. It has obtained a good effect in the case of low steam injection rate. This development mode provided a reference significance for similar oilfield.
Through macroanalysis, chemical composition analysis, metallographic observation, and SEM, the leakage reasons for joint of tube of header and coil tube of coal economizer was analyzed. The results show that the alloy element compositions of welded tubes and conversion strength both met the standard of GB 5310—2008. The grains at fusion zone and overheated zone were coarse and even formed widmanstaten structure which made the performance of the zone weaken. Leakage from the joint of tube of header and coil tube of coal economizer resulted in the micro cracks in the weakened region of fusion and overheated zone under the thermal stress. Though throughwall crack was not formed after micro cracks initiation, micro cracks resulted in crevice corrosion and the crevice corrosion accelerated crack propagation from the inside outwords, and eventually caused the leakage.
Wind load is a random load that can lead to the vibration of the coke tower. In order to research the influence on the strength of the coke tower by wind, ABAQUS was used to conduct the dynamic analysis of the wind load and the response of the structure during loading and unloading. The results indicate that, with the effect of wind, the maximal nodal displacement appeared at the top of the tower, which is 0.79 mm|while the maximal stress locate at the node around the skirt, the maximum is 3.26 MPa. Both of the displacement and stress could not cause the failure of the structure. During the loading and unloading, the structure engendered vibration along the loading direction. The vibration frequency was 10 Hz. Under the effect of external loads, it could easily cause the resonance of the structure, which could cause damages to the structure. Therefore it must be taken into consideration during the process of design and operation.
In the processing of downhole accidents especially reservoir head accident, the fish head was not in the middle of the hole, and even attached to the variation of well radius was big. Therefore it was very difficult to implement common fishing method. On the site flexible elbow joints and bending drill pipes were generally to use to look for the fish. It would bend drill pipes many times, then cause waste and even safety accidents. According to this situation, the adjustableangle bend drill pipe was designed. It consisted of top connection, spline body, adjustable sleeve and lowercontact and so on. By adjusting spline body and adjustable sleeve, 0°～4°angle adjustment could be finished. The model machine of the adjustableangle bend drill pipe had been manufactured and applied to many oil wells. The results showed that it was available that the adjustableangle bend drill pipe was applied to fish the fishing head, which was easy to adjust the pipe on wellhead. The application was successful and 300 thousands could be saved per well.
Image superresolution(SR) reconstruction technique is how to produce a clearly high resolution(HR) image from the information of one or several low resolution(LR) images, and it has been received increasing attention from the image processing community. In the paper, the fundamental principles and mathematical models of SR technology based on reconstruction were described firstly, and the history and stateofart of image SR reconstruction were stated briefly according to the classification between the frequency domain method and the space domain method. Secondly, advantages and defects of different methods were analyzed and summarized systematically. Finally, the further research directions for image SR technique of reconstructing based the approach were proposed.
The concept of variable parameter dialog box was proposed, focusing on the deficiencies of fixed parameter DCL dialog box in AutoCAD. The system automatically generated DCL files with the relative parameters according to the quantity of parameter that system actually required. And by the builtin VisualLISP in AutoCAD, the variable parameter dialog box was programmed. This defined and provided a new input method for AutoCAD user on the purpose of secondary development.
Taking listed companies issuing Ashares in the markets of Shanghai and Shenzhen in china as the research samples, an influence of auditor size on audit quality was studied by using multivariate statistical analysis. It indicated that a positive and weak relation between the accounting firm scale and the quality of auditing existed.
