The electrochemical behaviors of acetylferrocene at a disk electrode in 0.2mol/L LiClO4 solution had been determined by using cyclic voltammetry. Two methods were used to determine the diffusion coefficient of acetylferrocene, in which the rotating disk electrode was motionless and rotational respectively. Electrochemistry experimental results show that the electrochemical process of acetylferrocene at the rotating disk electrode belongs to reversible redox reaction which was controlled by the diffusion. The peak-peak potential ΔEp and the number of transfer electron n were 56.5 mV and 1 respectively. The diffusion coefficient of AFc and AFc+ were 4.74×10-5 cm2/s and 4.47×10-5 cm2/s determined by the currentvoltage curve in static disk electrode. And the diffusion coefficient of AFc and AFc+ were 5.20×10-5 cm2/s and 5.07×10-5 cm2/s according to the relationship of the peak current and the scan rate in rotating disk electrode, which was little faster than that of in static disk electrode. Rate constants of reduction process and oxidation process were 7.17×10-3 cm2/s and 8.31×10-3 cm2/s, respectively.
The synergy effect of microwave/peroxide degradation of the methyleneblue in water is investigated in this study. The initial concentration of substrate, pH, and amount of hydrogen peroxide are examined to see their effect on the degradation performance, respectively. The results show that microwave and hydrogen peroxide have obvious synergy on degradation of methylene blue. In this experiment, the more concentrated of hydrogen peroxide, the more degradation to the methyleneblue. The degradation is enhanced noticeably under appropriate pH, the lowest degradation is noticed at the pH of 6～7. With higher initial concentration of methylene blue, the degradation rate is reduced. The degradation of methyleneblue is a first order reaction, of which the reaction rate constant is 0.189 8 min-1 and the activation energy is 2.76 kJ/mol. The degradation rate can be as high as 95.0%～96.0% in the following conditions: initial concentration 50～70 mg/L, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide 1.0wt%, 473 K for 7 min, pH=3 or 12.
Cationic etherifying agent OMTMA is a key reactant for preparing cationic flocculant, which directly influenced the flocculation effect of final synthetic flocculant. The influence factors on the preparation of cationic etherifying agent OMTMA was studied, and the optimal preparation conditions of cationic etherifying agent OMTMA is as follows: molar ratio of amine hydrochloride to Trimethylamine 2∶1, molar ratio of trimethylamine to epichlorohydrin 1∶0.8, reaction temperature 40 ℃, reaction time 2.5 h. OMTMA cationic etherification agent prepared is excellent on the synthesis of modified flocculant, which has a removal rate of 96.6%.
CaSiO3:Eu2+ ,Dy3+ silicates storage luminescent materials were prepared by solgel method that use ethyl silicate,CaSiO3:Eu2+ ,Dy3 as the starting materials. The lattice structure and spectroscopic properties of storage luminescent materials and the influencing factors on luminescence properties were studied by Xray diffraction, fluorescence spectrum and other analytical tools. The results indicate that the calcination temperature have great influence on lattice structure and luminescence properties of sample. When the temperature is below 1 300 ℃, crystal lattice structure of sample is imperfect. The temperature higher than 1 400 ℃, the sample is prone to produce sintering phenomenon. Eu2+ as luminescent centers and its concentration have great influence on luminescence properties of samples. When the Eu2+ concentration was 0.005 mol, the luminous intensity of sample reached the maximum. In this case, the emission spectrum of the sample was an asymmetrical transmission that the peak located in 544 nm.
The shot coke formation in delayed coking unit in Petrochina Liaoyang petrochemical company is introduced when processed the mixture of Russian and Venezuela vacuum Residue. The production of shot coke has been avoided by optimizing operating parameters and adjusting mixing ratio of feedstock. Production practice has proved that changing operating conditions has no obvious effect on generation of shot coke. Improvement on properties and composition of feedstock is close related with formation of shot coke.
The Separation of oil from the Inner Mongolian oil sand with washing method and its tails treatment for environment protection have been studied. The factors including washing temperature, the reagent weight fraction, the disengaging time and agents sand ratio on oil separation were checked, while in the tails treatment experiment, effect of the weight fraction of reagent on tailings oil content has been studied as well. The experimental results show that best oil separation performance could be obtained under the following conditions: washing temperature 80 ℃, the reagent mass fraction of 8%, separation time of 20 min, sand agent mass ratio of 2∶1. Inner Mongolia tailings treatment by washing multiply with low concentration of reagent, and the mass fraction of the oil content of the tailings can be reduced to 0.3%, which can meet with the requirement of emission standards of the tailings.
The filling, pretreatment of new catalyst of BASF 0466 and the changing of hot spot temperature when the material entered the reactor were investigated. It was found that the activity of catalyst can be optimized by adjusting the air flowed into the reactor and the reactor temperature in pretreatment of the catalyst|while the reaction has begun, the hot spot temperature mainly focused on the catalyst layer of CL4, as the reaction proceeded, the hot spot temperature is gradually transferred to the position of the catalyst layer of CL1. The hot spot temperature from 3 050 mm to move to the position of 650 nm and 550 mm. The hot spot temperature rises from 410.5 ℃ to 431.5 ℃, the hot spot temperature increase of 5.1%.
In this work, controlling the pH of the solution was 8, which ensure that the carbonate exists in the form of bicarbonate. The bicarbonate were decomposed carbonate by heating. The carbonate and zinc ions producted zinc carbonate precipitation, zinc carbonate were decomposed ZnO by calcination. Nanometer ZnO were preparated by homogeneous precipitation. Samples were characterized by Xray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),UV spectroscopy. The rhodamine B(RhB) was aim of degradation.The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the photocatalyst of rhodamine B(RhB) under UV light irradiation.It was studied on effects of catalyst dosage, pH and H2O2 dosage on photocatalytic time. The experimental results show 100 mL RhB was completely photocatalized in 130 min under adding the mass of calalyst was 24 mg ,pH was 4 and the volue of H2O2 was 2 mL.
For low flow waxy crude oil pipeline, certain wax thickness retained after wax removal was beneficial to the economic operation of the pipeline for the wax insulation. From the perspective of security, however, certain wax thickness retained was at risk. With certain wax thickness reserved, diameter became smaller. Once the pipeline stopped or output declined, the heat carried by the unit volume of crude oil in the pipeline reduced, and cooling rate accelerated, the formation of the gel structure speeded up. The permitted stoppingtime of pipeline was greatly reduced. The smaller diameter of pipeline was, the more difficult for the pipeline restarted after shutdown . Meanwhile, after shutdown, paraffin deposits destructively slipped in the pipeline lying areas at certain special locations especially acclivities of tube sections, causing the wax plugging. Pigging regularly and thoroughly was recommended.
Based on the research of the practical application of two pipelines laid in one ditch in projects, according to actual projects, appropriate technical parameters were chosen and the method of numerical simulations was adopted to analyze the feature and discipline of thermal distribution of hot oil pipeline and cold oil pipeline laid in one ditch. On the basis of it, the thermal stress impact distribution along the two pipelines was respectively studied, and the variation regularity of thermal stress impact along two pipelines was obtained. Then the increase of the maximum thermal stress impact of the two pipelines laid in one ditch compared with the maximum one of the pipelines laid separately was obtained, which provided references in application of engineering design, construction, maintenance and other periods.
Along with the rapid growth of the national economy, energy consumption had been going up. At present, the petroleum reserve system in china was gradually perfect, and a large number of crude oil depots would be put into operation. The consumption of steam was very huge during storage, because of the large increase in crude oil storage. Saving energy and reducing consumption had become the most important task. The petroleum storage temperature affected the holding time and heating time, directly related to the consumption of steam. The influence of the storage temperature on the cost of the oil storage tank on different frequency of operation were calculated and analyzed. A premium scheme to provide some reference for energy saving was found, which could complete the task in time and ensure safety by comparing different schemes.
In batch transportation of finished oil products, mixed oil would be produced by adjacent batch oil. The cases of 30°, 45°,60° or 90° for the joint line of the variable diameter part and the straight pipe of the variable diameter pipe were calculated by the CFD software. The conclusion show the relationship and the change law between the angle of the joint of the variable diameter part and the length were researched. The results show that with the angle increased, the mixed oil segment length decreased in the sudden expansion pipe and the opposite conclusion in the reducer, which was coincided with engineering basic phenomenon.
In flow measurement field, the differential pressure flowmeter was used widely. Adopting highprecision calibration system to calibration differential pressure flowmeter，the flow coefficient of the flowmeter was obtained. And the error analysis of the flow coefficient with scientific method was made to draw calibration result and its error accuracy. The results show that the measurement errors of the flowmeter followed the standard, and the flowmeter could be used for the actual measurement in the field.
Engineering design revolved a lot of design data. Partial design data were described in the form of curve chart. Spiral angle coefficient curve was a typical engineering curve and had the characteristics of engineering curves. In the paper, spiral angle coefficient curve was as an example in which scanning image preprocessing, image revision, image cropping, binarization processing, mesh removing, characteristics point extracting of spiral angle coefficient curve were put forward. Furthermore, the least square method was used to fit characteristic points and accomplish digitizing of engineering curves.
The multiway valve well selection program was studied in this paper, including large diameter valve, multiway valve integration scheme, well selection scheme, the sealing performance were studied, which the multiway valve automatic control technology and skidmounted unit was discussed, thus a set of perfect CNC multiway valve well selection technology was formed. This was a core technology of intelligent oil metering station, which played a key role for the intelligent oil metering establishment and promotion of overseas oil fields
In order to analyze and study our country’s real estate price’s and food price’s effects on inflation, the article chooses relevant statistics recorded from the first Quarter in 2000 to the fourth Quarter in 2010, and carries out the empirical test on the basis of the VAR model. As the result shows , inflation has a longterm and stable cointegration relationship with both the real estate price and the food price, besides, the increase of which are contributive to the occurrence of inflation. By comparison, however,the rise of the real estate price contributes more to the inflation, while the influence on inflation caused by the food price increasing last even longer.
Based on the 22 listed companies in general aviation indicator data, DEAMalmquist index method for static and dynamic efficiency analysis was used. The results showed that in 2012 77% of the sample making general aviation listed companies was less than 1.000 in comprehensive efficiency, and the pure technical efficiency and the scale efficiency had not reached the optimal state, resulting in low efficiency of its comprehensive sample did not become a benchmark for enterprises. The period of 20082012 only five companies TFP index greater than 1.000, all the sample enterprises emerged in the phenomenon of regression techniques. Therefore, the technology regression in general aviation companies was the major obstacle. Consequently, the technology progress would be a realistic choice in improving our operating performance level And finally the corresponding recommendations were given.
