Abstract: In order to improve the demulsification efficiency,reduce the processing cost and decrease the damage to the environment during demulsification of oily emulsions,nanoparticles(NPs) have attracted much attention in the field of demulsification,due to their strong controllability and multiple advantages.First,the demulsification mechanisms for magnetic and non⁃magnetic nanoparticles in demulsification were reviewed,providing strategy for the development of new demulsifiers. Secondly,the preparation methods and applications of nanoparticles were summaried.Finally,based on the development of crude oil extraction technology,the current advantages,remaining doubts and difficulties of nanoparticles in the field of demulsification were points out,as well as, the prospects for future research.

Key words: Functional nanoparticles, Demulsification, Magnetic

摘要： 为提高含油乳状液的破乳效率,降低破乳处理成本,减少破乳后处理对环境的破坏，纳米粒子(NPs)作为一种可控性强且具有多重优势的功能性材料在破乳领域引起关注。首先对磁性纳米粒子与非磁性纳米粒子在破乳中的机理进行了综述，为新型破乳剂的研发提供思路；其次分析并讨论了纳米粒子的制备方法及其应用；最后结合原油开采技术的发展，指出目前纳米颗粒在破乳领域中的优点以及还存在的疑点与困难,并对未来研究方向进行展望。

关键词: 纳米颗粒, 破乳, 磁性