Abstract:

In the process of crude oil gathering and transportation,the use of gas or electric energy at the wellhead for its heating and viscosity reduction is prone to cause a large amount of energy consumption and environmental pollution.Solar photovoltaic technology is an efficient and clean new energy technology coupling this technology with thermal storage technology can circumvent the shortcomings of solar energy instability,meet the needs of crude oil viscosity reduction and fixed heating,reduce the consumption of electric energy,and contribute to the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goal.A wellhead crude oil heating system based on thermal energy storage device (TES) and flat-plate solar collector (FPC) is studied,and FPC and crude oil heater in the system are designed and selected.Taking Shengli oilfield as the application scenario of the system,we analyzed and calculated the solar irradiation resources and the heating demand of crude oil at the wellheads in the winter half year (October to March),and reasonably configured the FPC with a heat collection area of 152 m² and the 17~20 m³ hot and cold water tanks,and gave the operation scheme of the system under different irradiation amounts.The results show that the system can warm up the oilfield wellhead extractive fluid by 25 ℃,work continuously for 24 h per day,reduce carbon dioxide emission by 54.25 t in winter and half a year,and save operation cost by 53 000 yuan,which has good energy-saving and emission reduction benefits and economic benefits.

Key words: Solar thermal utilization, Heating of crude oil, Thermal energy storage installation, Energy saving, System operation

摘要：

在原油集输过程中，采用燃气或电能在井口对其进行加热降黏，易造成大量的能源消耗和环境污染。太阳能光热技术是一种高效清洁的新能源技术，将该技术与储热技术耦合，可以规避太阳能不稳定的缺点，满足原油降黏和固定加热需求，减少电能消耗，助力“双碳”目标。对一种基于储热装置（TES）和平板式太阳能集热器（FPC）的井口原油加热系统进行研究，对系统中FPC、原油加热器进行了设计选型；以胜利油田为系统应用场景，分析和计算了当地冬季半年（10月至次年3月）太阳辐射资源和井口原油加热需求量，合理配置了集热面积为152 m²的FPC及17~20 m³的冷热水储罐，给出了不同辐射量下系统的运行方案。结果表明，该系统可使油田井口采出液升温25 ℃，每日连续工作24 h，冬季半年内可减少CO₂排放54.25 t，节约运行成本5.30万元，具有良好的节能减排效益和经济效益。

关键词: 太阳能热利用, 原油加热, 储热装置, 节能, 系统运行