Abstract:

To prevent accidents like the "3?12" explosion and fire incident in the hydrogenation unit of a petrochemical enterprise in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, this study proposes the application of Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) and Safety Integrity Level (SIL) classification in the basic design phase of the emergency cut?off function hazards control project for a refining and chemical enterprise. HAZOP analysis adopts a workflow based on the parameter preference method while SIL classification is based on the LOPA (Layers of Protection Analysis) method, following the ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practical) principle. HAZOP & SIL classification was carried out for a coking steam kerosene hydrorefining unit, a hydrogenation combined diesel hydrorefining unit and an ethylbenzene unit in a refining enterprise. A total of 12 accident scenarios were identified and 6 recommended measures were put forward. The results demonstrate that HAZOP & SIL classification can effectively assist the refining and chemical enterprise in managing the risks of intermingling pressures, maintaining control over safety production, reducing intermingling pressure risks to an acceptable level, or eliminating them promptly, thereby preventing accidents caused by intermingling pressures and ensuring the inherent safety of the refining and chemical enterprise.

Key words: HAZOP, SIL, Emergency cut?off function, Safety, Control, Instrument

摘要：

为避免类似江西九江“3·12”石化企业加氢装置高低压互窜爆炸着火事故的发生，提出了对某炼化企业部分临氢装置紧急切断功能隐患治理项目进行基础设计阶段的危险与可操作性分析（HAZOP，Hazard and Operability Analysis）及安全完整性等级(SIL，Safety Integrity Level）分级应用。HAZOP分析采用基于参数优先选择法的工作流程；SIL分级采用保护层分析（LOPA，Layers of Protection Analysis）方法，遵循“尽可能合理降低”（ALARP, As Low As Reasonably Practical）原则。对某炼化企业焦化汽煤油加氢精制装置、加氢联合柴油加氢精制装置和乙苯装置进行了HAZOP & SIL分级，共识别出事故场景12项，提出了建议措施6条。结果表明，HAZOP & SIL分级能够帮助该炼化企业有效地开展窜压风险隐患治理工作，把握安全生产主动权，将存在的窜压风险控制在可接受水平或及时地消除，预防高低压互窜事故的发生，保证炼化企业本质安全。

关键词: 危险与可操作性分析, 安全完整性等级, 紧急切断功能, 安全, 控制, 仪表