Abstract: Photocatalysis is one of the important methods to solve the current environmental pollution and energy crisis. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of most photocatalysts is still low. Improving the separation of photogenerated charges is an effective way to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency. Firstly, the paper summarizes the photocatalysis mechanism, and then reviews the effects of built⁃in electric field in semiconductor p⁃n junction, heterophase junctions, polarized surfaces and ferroelectric material polarization on separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and photocatalytic performance, based on the recent domestic and international research progress in improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges. Finally, the future development of built⁃in electric field in photocatalysis is prospected.

Key words: Semiconductor, Photocatalysis, Photogenerated charges separation, Built?in electric field

摘要： 光催化技术是解决现今环境污染和能源危机的重要手段之一，然而大部分催化剂的光催化效率较低，提高光生电荷的分离是提高光催化效率的一种有效方法。首先对催化剂的光催化原理进行了概述；结合近年来国内外在提高光生电荷分离效率方面取得的最新成果及进展，从内建电场的产生机理入手，综述了半导体p⁃n结、异相结、极化表面和铁电材料极化对光生电荷分离效率及光催化性能的影响；最后对内建电场在未来光催化领域的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 半导体, 光催化, 光生电荷分离, 内建电场