Abstract: Fe and Ni nanopowders were prepared in mixture gas of H₂ and Ar by arc discharge method. High-melting-point metals W and Mo were added to the raw material (bulk Fe or Ni). The structure, morphology and sizes of the nanopowders were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, BET, oxygen-nitrogen analysis and chemical analysis. The results show the oxide layer of Fe and Ni is destroyed and the temperature of melting sphere of Fe and Ni is increased due to adding high melting sphere of W and Mo, the productivity of nanopowders has been improved by 50%. The mass fraction of W and Mo in the as-prepared samples is only about 0.01%, and the purity of nanopowders is almost unchanged. The average sizes of Fe and Ni nanopowders are slightly increased under the same condition including atmosphere and pressure as well as power when high melting point metal is added into raw materials. The productivity of adding W in the raw materials is higher than that of adding Mo.

Key words: Arc-discharge methods , Nanopowders ,  Fe , Ni , Productivity

摘要： 在原材料块体Fe,Ni中加入高熔点金属钨(W)、钼(Mo),采用直流电弧等离子体法在H2+Ar混合
气氛中制备Fe,Ni纳米粉体。利用X射线衍射仪(X-ray)、透射电镜(TEM)、比表面积测定仪(BET)、氧/氮测定仪
和化学分析等手段对粉体的结构、形态及粒径等方面进行了分析。结果表明,原料中加入高熔点金属W,Mo后,使
Fe,Ni金属熔球温度提高及熔球表面的氧化层被破坏,Fe,Ni纳米粉收率提高50%。高熔点金属W,Mo在粉体中
的质量分数只有0.01%左右,纳米粉纯度几乎不变。同等气氛、压强及功率条件下,加入高熔点金属W 和Mo后所
制备的粉体的平均粒度略有增大,加入W 的收率高于加入Mo的收率。

关键词: 直流电弧法 , 纳米 ,   铁 ,  镍 , 收率