Abstract: Viscous solid tar residue was produced in the process of gasification and coking of coal, which is extremely difficult to deal with because because of the large amount of harmful substances such as pulverized coal coke powder and coal tar.To solve the problem of harmless treatment of tar residue, tar residue was mixed with compound additives to prepare solidified blocks, and then tar and solid residue were separated by pyrolysis of dry distillation. Through the study of the strength characteristics of the cured block, the optimum technological conditions were determined as the amount of binder 0.15, the ratio of agent to slag 1∶2 and the curing age 7 days. The compressive strength of the cured block can reach 2 MPa after 7 days, the drop strength can reach 94%, and the thermal stability can reach 98%. Tar and high calorific value gases were obtained from the solidified block by pyrolysis of dry distillation, and the tailings of dry distillation meet the requirement of pollutants in sludges (GB 4284—2018), which can be directly discharged as agricultural soil or building materials.

Key words: Tar sludge, Solidification, Dry distillation, Pyrolysis, Harmless treatment

摘要： 煤在气化和焦化过程中会产生黏稠状固体焦油渣，因含有大量的煤粉、焦粉及煤焦油等有害物质而极难处理。为解决焦油渣的无害化处理问题，将焦油渣与复合添加剂混合制成固化块，然后通过干馏热解，分离出焦油和固体废渣。通过对固化块强度特性研究，确定了m（黏结剂）/m（固化块）为0.15、m（添加剂）/m（焦油渣）为1∶2、固化时间7 d为最佳工艺条件，固化块抗压强度7 d后可达到2 MPa，跌落强度达到94%，热稳定性98%。固化块经干馏热解，得到焦油和高热值气体，且尾渣各项满足GB 4284―2018《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》，可直接排放用作农用土壤或作为建材原料。

关键词: 焦油渣, 固化, 干馏, 热解, 无害化处理