Research on Thermochemical⁃Gas Alternating Flooding Technology for Enhanced Oil Recovery in the Middle and Late Stages of Steam Flooding

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2026.02.008

Abstract

Abstract:

In view of the characteristics of high porosity and high permeability in heavy oil reservoirs,together with the high⁃intensity injection⁃production conditions,challenges such as thermal fluid channeling,sudden increase in water cut,and deteriorating development performance have become increasingly prominent in the middle and late stages of steam flooding.Therefore,new technologies are urgently needed to further enhance development efficiency.The variation laws of thermal fluid temperature field and saturation field were investigated via numerical simulation and laboratory simulation experiments,on the basis of which the thermochemical⁃gas alternating flooding technology was studied.The results show that in the middle and late stages of the conversion from cyclic steam stimulation to steam flooding in thin heavy oil reservoirs,thermal communication occurs in some wells within the well group;the expansion radius of the temperature field reaches 100~140 m,and the water cut rises to 74%. According to the analysis of the heating chamber expansion law,the area ratio of the heated zone to the unheated zone in the reservoir is close to 1∶1,and the remaining oil in the unheated zone is abundant but not effectively produced.By optimizing the composite system composed of high⁃temperature reinforced foam and high⁃temperature⁃resistant low⁃viscosity consolidated gel, the plugging efficiency can exceed 97.0%,realizing fluid diversion and enabling the recovery of enriched remaining oil.A process is proposed that utilizes the residual heat in the formation supplemented by hot water,combined with alternate injection of flue gas and other gases.Numerical simulation results indicate that the oil recovery factor can be improved by approximately 2.00%.

Key words: Heavy oil reservoir, Middle and late flooding stages, Thermochemical gas alternation, Block, Enhanced oil recovery

摘要：

由于稠油油藏高孔高渗储层特点及高强度注采工况，蒸汽驱开发中后期热流体窜流、含水率突升、开采效果变差等矛盾日益突出，迫切需要借助新技术进一步增效。通过数值模拟、室内模拟实验等手段研究了热流体的温度场、饱和度场等变化规律，并在此基础上开展了热化学‑气体交替驱技术的研究。结果表明，薄层稠油油藏吞吐转驱开发中后期，井组内部分井出现热联通现象，温度场扩展半径达100~140 m，含水率升高至74％；油藏加热区与未加热区的面积占比达到1∶1，未加热区剩余油富集且未得到有效动用。通过优化高温强化泡沫、耐高温低黏固结凝胶复合体系，其封堵率可达97.0％以上，实现高效液流转向，进而有效动用富集剩余油。提出了一种依托地层内剩余热量加上热水补充热量、结合烟道气等气体交替驱的工艺，数值模拟结果表明采收率可提升2.00个百分点左右。

关键词: 稠油油藏, 驱替中后期, 热化学?气体交替, 封堵, 提高采收率

CLC Number:

TE357.4

Shanshan LIN, Tao LIN, Jianliang ZHANG, Tianliang LI, Zhongtao YUAN, Xiangxiang MENG, Jianghai LIU. Research on Thermochemical⁃Gas Alternating Flooding Technology for Enhanced Oil Recovery in the Middle and Late Stages of Steam Flooding[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2026, 39(2): 65-71.

林珊珊, 林涛, 张建亮, 李田靓, 袁钟涛, 孟祥祥, 刘江海. 蒸汽驱中后期热化学⁃气体交替驱提高采收率技术研究[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2026, 39(2): 65-71.

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URL: https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/EN/10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2026.02.008

https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/syhg/EN/Y2026/V39/I2/65

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Expansion and development of steam chamber

Fig.2 Variation of oil saturation

Table 1 Injected and extracted heat in L well area

年份	注入热量×10^-11/kJ	采出热量×10^-11/kJ	剩余热量×10^-11/kJ
合计	9.44	3.09	6.34
2021	1.81	0.68	1.13
2022	2.64	0.75	1.89
2023	2.58	0.81	1.77
2024	2.41	0.85	1.55

Table 2 The influence of temperature on the drag resistance of high?temperature reinforced foam

温度/℃	阻力因子
150	217
200	204
250	169
300	161
350	124

Table 3 Performance indicators of the step?by?step gradient adjustment system

体系名称	耐温/℃	成胶强度	封堵率/％	注入方式
高温凝胶体系	100~200	不流动凝胶（F‑H级）	≥92.0	前置注入
高温封口体系	300~350	刚性凝胶（I级）	≥97.0	前置注入

Table 4 Gel sealing rate test results after gel formation at 350 ℃

岩心编号	渗透率/mD		封堵率 /％	老化时间/d
岩心编号	封堵前	封堵后	封堵率 /％	老化时间/d
1	4 689	84.8	98.0	0
2	4 369	95.4	97.8	5
3	4 224	101.8	97.5	30

Fig.3 Development regularity of steam chambers with a large well spacing of 300 m

Table 5 Ion composition of simulated saltwater for experiment

离子组成	质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）
Na⁺+K⁺	2 210
Ca²⁺	281
Mg²⁺	109
Cl^-	3 226
SO $3 2 -$	384
HCO $3 -$	1 159

Table 5 Ion composition of simulated saltwater for experiment

离子组成	质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）
Na⁺+K⁺	2 210
Ca²⁺	281
Mg²⁺	109
Cl^-	3 226
SO $3 2 -$	384
HCO $3 -$	1 159

Fig.4 Comparison of experimental results between hot water flooding and hot water?gas alternative flooding schemes

Fig.5 Simulation results of recovery rates for four schemes

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