Journal of Petrochemical Universities ›› 2026, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 1-8.DOI: 10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2026.02.001

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Failure Mechanisms of the Sodium Metal Anode Interface and Multiscale Stabilization Strategies

Rui XUE1(), Wenju WANG2()   

  1. 1.School of Energy and Power Engineering,Nanjing Institute of Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210000,China
    2.School of Energy and Power Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210000,China
  • Received:2025-09-24 Revised:2025-11-17 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-04-21
  • Contact: Wenju WANG

钠金属负极界面失效机理与多尺度稳定策略

薛锐1(), 王文举2()   

  1. 1.南京工程学院 能源与动力工程学院,江苏 南京 210000
    2.南京理工大学 能源与动力工程学院,江苏 南京 210000
  • 通讯作者: 王文举
  • 作者简介:薛锐(1975-),男,博士,副教授,从事仪表智慧化管控、温度场可视化建模、电厂优化控制等方面的研究;E⁃mail:xuerui@njit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(BK20230933)

Abstract:

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) are regarded as highly promising candidates for next⁃generation high⁃energy⁃density energy storage systems, owing to the high theoretical specific capacity (1 166 mA•h/g) and low redox potential (-2.71 V(vs.SHE)) of sodium metal. However, the practical implementation of sodium metal anodes is significantly impeded by several critical issues, including uncontrollable dendrite growth, vigorous interfacial side reactions, and instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Consequently, engineering a stable and robust anode interface has become a pivotal research focus for achieving high⁃performance SMBs. In recent years, researchers have proposed a variety of interfacial regulation strategies, including electrolyte optimization, artificial interfacial layer construction, application of solid⁃state or gel electrolytes, and alloying approaches. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in stabilizing the sodium metal anode interface, with a focus on the mechanismsof various interface engineering strategies and their effects on electrochemical performance. The challenges and future perspectives in this field are also discussed.

Key words: Sodium metal batteries, Anode interface, SEI layer, Interface engineering, Dendrite suppression

摘要:

钠金属电池因其高理论比容量(1 166 mA·h/g)和低还原电势(-2.71 V(vs.SHE))成为新一代高能量密度储能体系的有力候选。然而,钠金属负极在循环过程中存在易形成枝晶、界面副反应剧烈、固体电解质界面膜(SEI)不稳定等问题,严重制约了其实际应用进程。为实现钠金属电池的稳定高效运行,构建稳定的负极界面成为研究的关键方向。近年来,研究者从电解液优化、人工界面膜构建、固态/凝胶电解质应用、合金化策略等角度出发,提出了一系列界面调控方法。系统梳理了钠金属负极界面稳定性的研究进展,重点讨论了界面调控策略的作用机制及其对电化学性能的影响,并对当前面临的挑战与未来发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 钠金属电池, 负极界面, SEI膜, 界面调控, 枝晶抑制

CLC Number: 

Cite this article

Rui XUE, Wenju WANG. Failure Mechanisms of the Sodium Metal Anode Interface and Multiscale Stabilization Strategies[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2026, 39(2): 1-8.

薛锐, 王文举. 钠金属负极界面失效机理与多尺度稳定策略[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2026, 39(2): 1-8.