Abstract: In engineering design, special area of pressure vessels always needs opening nozzles in order to satisfy complexity of technologies. Only considering the single load condition of the pressure vessels, the calculation of opening⁃nozzles in GB 150—2011 does not involve additional external load on opening⁃nozzles in practical projects. The SolidWorks software was used to locally model the tangentially opened pressure vessel of the cylinder, and the finite element analysis method was used to apply two internal conditions of the internal pressure and the external load of the internal pressure to the three⁃dimensional solid model to obtain the structural stress. Distribution and strength evaluation were carried out, and the influence of the additional external load on the structure of the pressure vessel was studied.The results show that the stress value in nozzle⁃vessel junction area increases sharply and it changes symmetrical distribution of stress in the connection between the nozzle and the vessel because of the external load of the nozzles. The analyzing results can provide some reference in stress analysis of the opening⁃nozzles with the united static load.

Key words: Opening?nozzle, External load, Finite element analysis, Stress evaluation

摘要： 工程设计时因需要满足工艺流程的复杂性，常常在压力容器的特殊位置进行开孔接管。GB 150—2011仅考虑容器结构在单一载荷的工况进行开孔接管结构的强度计算，没有涉及到实际工程中开孔接管结构的附加外载荷。应用SolidWorks软件对筒体切向开孔接管压力容器进行局部建模，采取有限元分析法，分别对三维实体模型施加仅内压、内压附加外载荷的两种工况，得出结构的应力分布并进行了强度评定，研究了接管附加外载对压力容器结构的影响。结果表明，由于接管外载荷的存在，相贯区的应力大幅度增加，且改变了接管与筒体连接处的应力对称分布状态。分析结果可为联合静载荷作用下开孔接管应力分析提供一定参考。

关键词: 切向开孔, 外载荷, 有限元分析法, 强度评定