Abstract: With the rapid development of national economy in our country, the demand of oil and gas, as a representative of the major energy, continued to increase, and the security risks of long distance oil and gas pipelines also caused people's attention. Especially, the pipeline leakage deflagration happened from time to time in recent years, which caused not only great economic losses of the people's lives and property, also caused the ecological environment pollution and destruction. Therefore the leak detection of intelligent and efficient positioning method was applied to oil and it was critical for gas pipelines in a timely manner to prevent secondary disasters. The main cause of pipeline leak was analyzed, several kinds of leak detection methods used on the pipeline at present were summarized, and the method of negative pressure wave and flow balance method was dopt in crude oil pipeline leak detection experiments. The experimental results showed that the method could monitor oil pipeline leak in real time, especially small slow leakage, meanwhile could accurately locate the leak point.

Key words: Long-distance pipeline, Leak, Detection, Practical, Negative pressure wave method

摘要： 随着我国国民经济的迅速发展，石油与天然气作为主要能源的代表，其需求量不断增大，长输油气管道的安全风险问题也备受关注。尤其是，近几年来管道泄漏爆燃事故时有发生，不仅给人民生命安全和财产造成了极大的损失，也给生态环境造成了污染和破坏。因此，将智能、高效的泄漏检测定位方法应用于油气管道及时制止次生灾害的发生显得至关重要。通过分析管道泄漏产生的主要原因，概述了目前常用的几种管道泄漏检测方法，并采用负压波和流量平衡法相结合的方法在原油管道进行泄漏检测实验。结果表明，该方法可以对输油管道泄漏进行实时监测，尤其是微小缓慢的泄漏，同时也可以准确定位泄漏点。

关键词: 长输管道, 泄漏, 检测, 实用性, 负压波法