Abstract:

In recent years, the rapid expansion of industries such as new energy has significantly heightened the demand for lithium resources. China boasts ample lithium reserves; however, 80% of these reserves are concentrated in salt lake brine, and the high magnesium?to?lithium ratio inherent in salt lakes poses challenges for lithium extraction. To ensure a stable supply of lithium resources in our country, it is imperative to develop cost?effective and highly efficient technologies for lithium extraction from salt lakes. Recent studies have demonstrated that the combination of emerging membrane separation technology with traditional processes holds great potential for achieving significant advancements in lithium extraction from salt lakes. This review aims to present the latest membrane technologies for extracting lithium from salt lake brine. It comprehensively discusses cutting?edge research findings from various perspectives, including the pore structure of membrane, precise design of the chemical environment within the pores, development of innovative membrane fabrication processes, and the integration of multiple membrane processes. By doing so, the review offers valuable insights and guidance for the design of new membrane materials. Furthermore, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the current bottlenecks faced by membrane separation technology in the process of lithium extraction from salt lakes. It also explores the potential prospects of biomimetic membrane materials.

Key words: Salt lake brine, Separation of magnesium and lithium, Membrane separation technology, Structure of membrane materials, New membrane formation technology, Multi?process coupling

摘要：

近年来，新能源等行业的迅速发展推动了对锂资源的强烈需求。我国锂资源储备丰富，但80%分布在盐湖卤水中，盐湖高的镁锂质量浓度比使锂资源的提取极其困难。因此，亟须开发低成本、高效率的盐湖提锂技术，以保证我国锂资源的稳定供应。最近研究显示，新兴膜分离技术相较于传统工艺有望实现盐湖提锂技术的进一步突破。介绍了盐湖卤水中提取锂的最新膜技术，从核心膜材料孔道结构、孔内化学环境的精确设计、新型成膜工艺的开发以及多种膜过程耦合的角度讨论了最新的研究成果，以期为新型膜材料的设计提供指导。同时，进一步归纳总结目前膜分离技术在盐湖提锂过程中遇到的瓶颈问题，并展望了仿生膜材料的潜在前景。

关键词: 盐湖卤水, Mg²⁺/Li⁺分离, 膜分离技术, 膜材料精细结构, 新成膜工艺, 多过程耦合