Abstract: The stability of heavy crude oil emulsion is very important in the heavy crude oil transportation. However, in the pipeline transportation process, the oil⁃water volume ratio, water content (water quality fraction) and other factors have a certain influence on the stability of the heavy crude oil emulsion. The microstructure, stability mechanism of emulsion and the role of focused beam reflection measurement (FBRM) technology in the study of stability of emulsion were introduced. The comprehensive effects of different factors such as oil⁃water ratio, water content and additives on emulsion stability were comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the research status of dynamic stability of emulsions was introduced. The main factors affecting the stability of heavy crude oil emulsions are oil⁃water volume ratio, water content, emulsification temperature and salinity, surfactants, alkaline agents. High molecular polymer used to enhance recovery of heavy crude oil also have effect on the stability of emulsion. The dynamic stability of the emulsion was studied by different simulation methods, and the results were similar. Among them, the loop simulation method had the most reference value

Key words: Heavy crude oil emulsion, Surfactant, Alkali, Polymer, Dynamic stability

摘要： 稠油乳状液的稳定性在稠油运输中非常重要。但是，在管道输送过程中，油水体积比、含水率（水质量分数）等因素对稠油乳状液的稳定性有一定的影响。介绍了乳状液的微观结构、稳定机理以及聚焦光束反射测量技术在乳状液稳定性研究中的作用，综合分析了油水体积比、含水率等因素以及加剂对乳状液稳定性的影响，最后介绍了稠油乳状液的动态稳定性研究现状。影响稠油乳状液稳定性的主要因素为油水体积比、含水率、乳化温度、矿化度、表面活性剂和碱剂。用于提高稠油采收率的高分子聚合物对稠油乳状液稳定性也有影响。乳状液的动态稳定性通过不同的模拟方法进行研究，结果比较相似，其中环道模拟法最具参考价值。

关键词: 稠油乳状液, 表面活性剂, 碱剂, 高分子聚合物, 动态稳定性