Abstract: A betaine amphoteric surfactant was synthesized as a selfdirecting agent by oleic acid, 3-dimethylaminopropylamine(PDA) and sodium chloroacetate as the raw materials through a two-step reaction of condensation and quaternization. The effects of catalyst, raw material ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and other factors on the conversion of oleic acid were investigated, and the optimum process conditions were determined. The synthetic product and the optimum additives form a clean self-diverting acid system which is uniformly stable, has a low viscosity of fresh acid and is easy to pump. When the mass fraction of HCl in the system drops to 3%, the viscosity of the system reaches 219 mPa·s. The acid system breaks when it encounters crude oil. The viscosity of the gel-breaking fluid is 3 mPa·s. There is no residue and it is easy to discharge back. The field application results show that the system has good steering effect and the effect of increasing production after putting into production is obvious.

Key words: Oleic acid amide propyl dimethylamine betaine, Self-diverting acid, Acid distribution, Carbonate acidizing

摘要： 以油酸、3-二甲氨基丙胺和氯乙酸钠为原料，通过缩合和季铵化两步反应合成一种甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂作为自转向剂，考察催化剂、原料物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对油酸转化率的影响，确定最佳工艺条件。合成产品与优选助剂形成清洁自转向酸体系，该转向酸体系均一稳定，鲜酸黏度低，易于泵入，当体系HCl质量分数降至3%时，体系黏度达到219 mPa·s，酸液体系遇到原油时发生破胶，破胶液黏度为3 mPa·s，无残渣，易于返排。现场应用结果表明，该体系转向效果良好，投产后增产效果明显。

关键词: 油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺甜菜碱, 自转向酸, 均匀布酸, 碳酸盐岩酸化