Abstract: For low flow waxy crude oil pipeline, certain wax thickness retained after wax removal was beneficial to the economic operation of the pipeline for the wax insulation. From the perspective of security, however, certain wax thickness retained was at risk. With certain wax thickness reserved, diameter became smaller. Once the pipeline stopped or output declined, the heat carried by the unit volume of crude oil in the pipeline reduced, and cooling rate accelerated, the formation of the gel structure speeded up. The permitted stoppingtime of pipeline was greatly reduced. The smaller diameter of pipeline was, the more difficult for the pipeline restarted after shutdown . Meanwhile, after shutdown, paraffin deposits destructively slipped in the pipeline lying areas at certain special locations especially acclivities of tube sections, causing the wax plugging. Pigging regularly and thoroughly was recommended.

Key words: Wax crude oil, Wax deposition, Economy, Security, Reserved wax treatment

摘要： 对低输量含蜡原油管道,每次清蜡时都保留一定的结蜡厚度,这是因为蜡的“保温暠效果有利于管道
的经济运行。然而,从安全的角度考虑,管线保留一定的结蜡厚度存在一定的风险。保留一定的结蜡厚度,管径变
小,一旦管线停输或输量下降,管线中单位体积的原油所携带的热量减少,相对降温速率加快,原油形成胶凝结构的
速度加快,管线允许的停输时间大大降低,并且管径越小管线停输后的再启动越困难。同时,管线停输后,在某些特
殊管段特别是上倾管段,石蜡沉积物会发生破坏滑脱并聚集在管道低洼处,造成蜡堵凝管。因此,建议定期彻底清
除管壁结蜡。

关键词: 含蜡原油 , 结蜡 , 经济性 , 安全性 , 积蜡处理