Abstract: Solar⁃powered water evaporation as a solar⁃powered photothermal conversion application has attracted people's attention due to its high solar energy conversion efficiency and the industrial potential of clean water production. In recent years, solar⁃powered evaporation systems, which position energy conversion between solar energy and thermal energy at the air/liquid interface, have been proposed as an alternative to conventional volumetric heating evaporation because they can reduce heat loss and increase energy conversion efficiency. In this review, we discussed how to implement high⁃performance evaporation system design strategies, including porous nanostructures, interfacial evaporation structures, and wicking structures, as well as three systems that described solar⁃driven water evaporation, namely volume systems, interface systems, and Isolation system. This paper described the possibility of applying this solar⁃driven interface evaporation process to desalination and wastewater treatment, and discussed some of the problems and challenges.

Key words: Solar energy, Water evaporation, Photothermal conversion, Interface evaporation, Desalination

摘要： 太阳能驱动水蒸发作为一种光热转换应用，由于光热转换效率高，且具有清洁水生产的工业潜力，从而引起了人们的关注。近年来，太阳能驱动的蒸发系统—将太阳能与热能的能量转换定位在空气/液体界面上，因其可以减少热损失并提高能量转换效率，已经被作为传统的体积加热蒸发的替代系统。讨论了如何实现高性能蒸发的系统设计策略，包括多孔纳米结构、界面蒸发结构和芯吸结构。介绍了太阳能驱动水蒸发的3种系统，即体积系统、界面系统和隔离系统。描述了将这种太阳能驱动的界面蒸发工艺应用于海水淡化和污水处理中的可能性，还讨论了其中存在的一些问题和挑战

关键词: 太阳能, 水蒸发, 光热转换, 界面蒸发, 海水淡化