基于溶胶凝胶法的超疏水纺织物的制备及其性能

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1672-6952.2025.01.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超疏水材料由于表面特殊的润湿特性，成为近年来涂层方向的研究热点之一,其在防结冰、自清洁、减阻等方面具有广泛的应用前景。采用溶胶凝胶法，以纳米二氧化硅（SiO₂）、硬脂酸（SA）和聚苯硫醚（PPS）为原料，在纺织布表面制备了分布均匀、厚度约为38 μm的SA?SiO₂/PPS超疏水涂层；通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对形貌进行分析，并测试了样品涂层的性能；采用分子动力学（MD）模拟分析了样品涂层的微观性质。结果表明，56%SA?SiO₂/30%PPS涂层的水接触角为154.8°，表现出良好的自清洁性、耐腐蚀性和耐皂洗性；材料具有微纳米多尺度的粗糙结构，SA分子与SiO₂表面通过氢键连接，MD模拟结果与实验数据一致，并从微观角度验证了制备涂层的耐腐蚀性。

关键词: 超疏水, 分子动力学, 耐腐蚀性, 自清洁, 溶胶凝胶法

Abstract:

Superhydrophobic materials have become one of the research hotspots in coating directions in recent years because of their special wetting properties. Due to their anti?icing, self?cleaning, drag reduction and other characteristics, it has a wide range of application prospects. In this paper, SA?SiO₂/PPSsuperhydrophobic coatings with a thickness of about 38 μm were prepared on the surface of textile cloth using nano silica (SiO₂), stearic acid (SA) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) as raw materials by sol?gel method. The morphology was analyzed by electron scanning microscope, and the properties of the sample coating were tested. The microcosmic properties of the coating were analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that the water contact angle of 56%SA?SiO₂/30%PPS coating is 154.8°, which shows good self?cleaning, corrosion resistance and soaping resistance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the material has micro and nano?scale rough structure. The surface of SiO₂ and SA molecules was connected by hydrogen bond. The molecular dynamics simulation was consistent with the experimental data, and the corrosion resistance of the coating was verified from the microscopic point of view.

Key words: Super?hydrophobic, Molecular dynamics, Corrosion resistance, Self?cleaning, Sol?gel method

中图分类号:

TQ129

信瑶, 黄艳茹. 基于溶胶凝胶法的超疏水纺织物的制备及其性能[J]. 辽宁石油化工大学学报, 2025, 45(1): 41-49.

Yao XIN, Yanru HUANG. Preparation and Properties of Superhydrophobic Textiles Based on Sol⁃Gel Method[J]. Journal of Liaoning Petrochemical University, 2025, 45(1): 41-49.

图/表 11

图1 具有超疏水自清洁性能纺织布的制备流程示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the preparation process of textile fabrics with superhydrophobic self?cleaning properties

图2 SiO2、56%SA?SiO2和56%SA?SiO2/30%PPS样品的SEM图及其表面与水的接触角

Fig.2 SEM images of SiO2, 56%SA?SiO2, and 56%SA?SiO2/30%PPS samples and their surface contact angles with water

图3 56%SA?SiO2/30%PPS样品的扫描电镜能谱全扫图

Fig.3 Full scanning electron microscope spectra of 56%SA?SiO2/30%PPS sample

图4 xSA?SiO2样品的SEM图及其表面与水的接触角

Fig.4 SEM images of the xSA?SiO2 samples and the contact angle of their surface with water

图5 56%SA?SiO2/yPPS样品的SEM图及其表面与水的接触角

Fig.5 SEM images of the 56%SA?SiO2/yPPS samples and the contact angle of their surface with water

图6 SA分子在纳米SiO2表面的吸附模拟及氢氧原子间径向分布函数

Fig.6 In the simulation of adsorption of SA on SiO2 surface, the radial distribution function between hydrogen and oxygen atoms is shown

图7 水滴在SiO2、56%SA?SiO2和56%SA?SiO2/30%PPS表面上的润湿模型图（a） SiO2 （b） 56%SA?SiO2 （c） 56%SA?SiO2/30%PPS

Fig.7 Wetting model of water droplets on SiO2, 56%SA?SiO2 and 56%SA?SiO2/30%PPS surfaces

图8 xSA?SiO2样品的MD模拟结果

Fig.8 MD simulation results of xSA?SiO2 samples

图9 xSA?SiO2样品表面的水分子个数占比

Fig.9 Proportion of water molecules on the surface of xSA?SiO2 samples

图10 56%SA?SiO2/yPPS样品的MD模拟结果及其局部放大图

Fig.10 MD simulation results of 56%SA?SiO2/yPPS samples and their local magnification

图11 样品的耐腐蚀性能、自清洁性能及耐皂洗性能测试结果

Fig.11 Test results of corrosion resistance, self?cleaning performance and soaping resistance of the samples

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