矩阵电导法测量蒸汽干度的误差分析及结构设计

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1672-6952.2026.04.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国稠油资源储量丰富，但其开采难度大，实际采收率较低，因此提高开采效率对保障石油产量具有重要意义。目前，国内外广泛采用热力采油方式，其中蒸汽干度对稠油热采效果影响显著，然而无法直接实时测量。国内现有方法为人工化学滴定法，存在明显的滞后性，难以满足实时在线监测需求。为此，提出了一种基于矩阵电导法的湿饱和蒸汽干度测量新方法。在压力为17 MPa、温度为310 ℃的工况下，针对内径为64 mm、外径为89 mm的注汽管道，设计了一次测量元件，并完成了材料选择、系统的密封及固定，实现了数据的稳定采集与精准测量；在此基础上，建立矩阵电导法的算法模型，分析了影响干度的参数，并分别采用权重离散法和离散法进行了结果对比与误差分析。结果表明，离散法的最大相对误差达11.5%，而权重离散法的最大相对误差仅为3.9%，权重离散法的测量精度高于离散法。

关键词: 矩阵电导法, 稠油热采, 蒸汽干度, 测量元件结构设计, 权重离散法, 测量误差

Abstract:

China has abundant heavy⁃oil resources, but their exploitation is challenging and field recovery is relatively low; therefore, improving recovery efficiency is important for ensuring stable petroleum production. Thermal recovery is widely used in heavy⁃oil production, and steam quality is a key parameter affecting thermal recovery performance. However, real⁃time in⁃situ direct measurement remains difficult. At present, domestic field measurements mainly rely on manual chemical titration, which has a significant time lag and cannot meet online real⁃time monitoring requirements. In this study, a new method for measuring wet saturated steam quality based on the matrix conductance principle is proposed. Under operating conditions of 17 MPa and 310 °C, a primary sensing element was designed for a steam⁃injection pipe with an inner diameter of 64 mm and an outer diameter of 89 mm. Material selection, system sealing, and fixture design were completed to ensure stable data acquisition and accurate measurement. An algorithmic model for the matrix conductance method was then established, and the parameters affecting steam quality were analyzed. The weighted discretization method and the conventional discretization method were compared through calculation and error analysis. The results show that the maximum relative error of the conventional discretization method reaches 11.5%, whereas weighted discretization method, with a maximum relative error of only 3.9%.The weighted discretization method therefore provides higher measurement accuracy than the conventional discretization method.

Key words: Matrix conductance method, Heavy-oil thermal recovery, Steam quality, Sensing-element structural design, Weighted discretization method, Measurement error

中图分类号:

TE37

吴峰, 晏永飞, 应文君, 张智涵, 李万旭. 矩阵电导法测量蒸汽干度的误差分析及结构设计[J]. 辽宁石油化工大学学报, 2026, 46(4): 69-78.

Feng WU, Yongfei YAN, Wenjun YING, Zhihan ZHANG, Wanxu LI. Error Analysis and Structural Design for Steam Quality Measurement Using a Matrix Conductance Method[J]. Journal of Liaoning Petrochemical University, 2026, 46(4): 69-78.

图/表 12

图1 湿饱和蒸汽流经一次测量元件的半剖示意图

Fig.1 Shows the semi?sectional intention of wet saturated steam flowing through a primary measuring element

图2 一次测量元件截面处的饱和水状态测量示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of saturated water state measurement at the cross?section of the primary measuring element

图3 一次测量元件的结构模型

Fig.3 structural model of the primary measuring element

表1 不同直径的钼丝在退火状态下的物理性能参数

Table 1 Physical performance parameters of molybdenum wires of different diameters in the annealed state

钼丝直径/mm	抗拉强度/MPa	延伸率/%	单位长度电阻/（Ω·m^-1）	节流面积× $103$ /mm²
0.1	≥900	≥10	6.62	7.85
0.2	≥800	≥10	1.66	31.42
0.3	≥700	≥12	0.74	70.69
0.4	≥650	≥10	0.41	125.70
0.5	≥600	≥10	0.26	196.30

表1 不同直径的钼丝在退火状态下的物理性能参数

Table 1 Physical performance parameters of molybdenum wires of different diameters in the annealed state

钼丝直径/mm	抗拉强度/MPa	延伸率/%	单位长度电阻/（Ω·m^-1）	节流面积× $103$ /mm²
0.1	≥900	≥10	6.62	7.85
0.2	≥800	≥10	1.66	31.42
0.3	≥700	≥12	0.74	70.69
0.4	≥650	≥10	0.41	125.70
0.5	≥600	≥10	0.26	196.30

图4 一次测量元件固定示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of primary measuring element fixation

图5 4×4丝网传感器采集装置示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the 4×4 wire mesh sensor acquisition device

图6 基于离散法及权重离散法的32×32丝网传感器中饱和水面积的测量结果

Fig.6 Measurement results of saturated water area using 32×32 wire?mesh sensor based on discrete method and weighted discrete method

图7 基于离散法及权重离散法的饱和水面积与饱和水半径的关系

Fig.7 Relationship between saturated water area and radius based on discrete method and weighted discrete method

图8 基于离散法及权重离散法的饱和水面积绝对误差及相对误差与饱和水半径的关系

Fig.8 Relationships between absolute/relative errors of saturated water area and equivalent radius based on discrete and weighted discrete methods

图9 基于离散法及权重离散法的气液面积比、气液面积比绝对误差与饱和水半径的关系

Fig.9 Relationships of gas?liquid area ratio and its error with equivalent radius based on discrete and weighted discrete methods

图10 基于离散法及权重离散法的蒸汽干度与饱和水半径的关系

Fig.10 Relationship between steam dryness and equivalent radius based on discrete and weighted discrete methods

图11 基于离散法及权重离散法测量蒸汽干度的相对误差与饱和水半径的关系

Fig.11 Relationship between relative error of steam dryness and equivalent radius for discrete and weighted discrete methods

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