U形微小通道内超临界氢气非均匀换热特性研究

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1672-6952.2026.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对超临界工况下氢气在U形微小通道内的非均匀换热问题，采用数值模拟的方法，分析热流密度和压力对传热特性的影响，揭示了非均匀热流通道的换热异常机理，并拟合了换热预测关联式。结果表明，受流体热物性参数的影响，压力和热流密度对加热通道和冷却通道的强化换热作用呈现相反规律；在非均匀冷却通道中，离心力与浮升力产生协同效应，显著促进换热过程；在仅受离心力作用的加热通道内，非均匀加热对换热起抑制作用。研究结果为涉氢领域超临界流体传热系统的设计优化与理论研究提供了重要的参考依据。

关键词: 超临界氢气, 非均匀换热, 换热特性, 无量纲力, 换热关联式

Abstract:

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate non⁃uniform heat transfer of hydrogen in U⁃shaped microchannels under supercritical conditions. The effects of heat flux and pressure on heat⁃transfer characteristics were analyzed, the mechanism of abnormal heat transfer in non⁃uniform heat⁃flux channels was revealed, and a heat⁃transfer prediction correlation was fitted. The results indicate that, owing to variations in thermophysical properties, pressure and heat flux exhibit opposite effects on heat⁃transfer enhancement in the heating and cooling channels. In the non⁃uniform cooling channel, centrifugal force and buoyancy produce a synergistic effect that significantly promotes heat transfer. In contrast, in the heating channel governed only by centrifugal force, non⁃uniform heating suppresses heat transfer. The findings provide an important reference for the design optimization and theoretical study of supercritical⁃fluid heat⁃transfer systems in hydrogen⁃related applications.

Key words: Supercritical hydrogen, Non-uniform heat transfer, Heat-transfer characteristics, Dimensionless force, Heat-transfer correlation

中图分类号:

TE09

吕韦萱, 高月, 姜文全. U形微小通道内超临界氢气非均匀换热特性研究[J]. 辽宁石油化工大学学报, 2026, 46(4): 52-61.

Weixuan LÜ, Yue GAO, Wenquan JIANG. Study on Non⁃Uniform Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Hydrogen in U⁃Shaped Microchannels[J]. Journal of Liaoning Petrochemical University, 2026, 46(4): 52-61.

图/表 13

图1 竖置U形管的几何模型

Fig.1 Geometric model of the vertically oriented U?tube

表1 边界条件

Table 1 Boundary conditions

边界条件

数值

入口质量流率/（kg·m^－2·s^－1）

入口流体温度/K

100

33.5

图2 压力为1.5 MPa时氢气的热物性参数

Fig.2 Thermophysical properties of hydrogen at 1.5 MPa

图3 基于ICEM前处理软件的管截面网格

Fig.3 Tube cross?section mesh based on ICEM preprocessing software

图4 网格无关性验证实验结果

Fig.4 Grid independence verification study

图5 五种湍流模型的模拟结果及其与实验结果的对比

Fig.5 Comparison of simulation results from five turbulence models with experimental data

图6 冷却通道和加热通道内压力对换热的影响（a）壁面温度（b）换热系数

Fig.6 Effect of pressure on heat transfer in cooling and heating channels

图7 不同压力下弯管90°截面处冷却/加热通道的二次流流速和流线分布以及比热容分布云图

Fig.7 Secondary flow velocity and streamline distributions, and specific heat capacity contours at the 90° bend cross?section under different pressures for cooling and heating channels.

图8 冷却通道和加热通道内热流密度对换热的影响

Fig.8 Effect of heat flux on heat transfer in cooling and heating channel

图9 不同热流密度下冷却/加热通道弯管90°截面处二次流流速和流线分布以及温度分布云图

Fig.9 Secondary flow velocity and streamline distributions, and temperature contours at the 90° bend cross-section for cooling and heating channels under different heat fluxes

图10 非均匀加热与冷却对换热的影响（a）壁面温度（b）换热系数

Fig.10 The influence of non?uniform heating and cooling on heat transfer

图11 加热与冷却工况下弯管90°截面处冷却/加热通道的二次流流速和流线分布以及温度分布云图

Fig.11 Velocity and streamline distributions of secondary flow, and temperature contours at the 90° bend cross?section under heating and cooling conditions

图12 非均匀加热与冷却工况下弯管90°截面处二次流流速和流线分布以及温度分布云图

Fig.12 Secondary flow velocity and streamline distributions, and temperature contours at the 90° bend cross?section under non?uniform heating and cooling conditions

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