四氧化三铁基磁性复合材料在有机污染物处理中的研究进展

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1672-6952.2025.05.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

工业废水处理已成为全球性重大挑战。物理吸附法虽具有处理效果好、操作简便等优点，但存在吸附材料用量大、成本高昂的问题。Fe?O?因具备超顺磁性、小粒径、大比表面积和易回收等特性，在吸附领域显示出广阔潜力，但其单独应用仍存在一定局限性。综述了以Fe?O?为基础的磁性复合材料作为一种绿色高效吸附剂在废水处理中的制备与应用，以应对当前吸附材料成本高、回收难的问题；介绍了磁性活性炭、磁性环糊精和磁性纤维素复合材料的主要制备方法，简述了其在重金属和有机污染物吸附处理中的研究现状，并分析了磁性分离与再生技术的应用进展。结果表明，Fe?O?复合材料在吸附效率、环保性以及成本控制等方面均表现良好；Fe?O?复合材料作为潜在吸附剂展现出独特的优势。提出了应进一步开发低成本、高吸附容量的Fe?O?复合吸附材料，推动其从实验室向工程应用转化的建议。

关键词: 物理吸附法, 四氧化三铁, 超顺磁性, 比表面积, 磁性复合材料

Abstract:

Industrial wastewater treatment has emerged as a significant global challenge. Although physical adsorption offers advantages such as effective contaminant removal and operational simplicity, it often entails high consumption of adsorbent materials and elevated costs. Because of its superparamagnetic, small particle size, large specific surface area and easy recovery characteristics, Fe₃O₄ shows broad potential in the field of adsorption, but its application alone still has some limitations. This paper aims to review the preparation and application of magnetic composites based on Fe₃O₄ as a green and efficient adsorbent in wastewater treatment, in order to deal with the current problems of high cost and difficult recovery of adsorption materials. The main synthesis methods for magnetic activated carbon, magnetic cyclodextrin, and magnetic cellulose composites were introduced, followed by an overview of their use in the adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Additionally, an analysis was conducted on the advancements in the application of magnetic separation and regeneration technologies. The results indicate that Fe₃O₄ composite material has good performance in adsorption efficiency, environmental protection and cost control. Fe₃O₄ composites have shown unique advantages as potential adsorbents. It is suggested that Fe₃O₄ composite adsorption materials with low cost and high adsorption capacity should be further developed to promote its transformation from laboratory to engineering application.

Key words: Physical adsorption, Fe₃O₄, Superparamagnetic, Specific surface area, Magnetic composites

中图分类号:

TB33

王强, 郭明性, 孔宪明. 四氧化三铁基磁性复合材料在有机污染物处理中的研究进展[J]. 辽宁石油化工大学学报, 2025, 45(5): 46-53.

Qiang WANG, Mingxing GUO, Xianming KONG. Research Progress of Ferric Tetroxide⁃Based Magnetic Composites in the Treatment of Organic Pollutants[J]. Journal of Liaoning Petrochemical University, 2025, 45(5): 46-53.

图/表 6

图1 AC和AC/Fe3O4@SiO2?APTMS的SEM图[42]（a） AC （b） AC/Fe?O?@SiO??APTMS

Fig.1 SEM images of AC and AC/Fe?O?@SiO??APTMS[42]

图2 β‐CDP@Fe3O4吸附前和吸附后的SEM图[44]（a）吸附前（b）吸附后

Fig.2 SEM images of β?CDP@Fe?O? before and after adsorption[44]

图3 改性MDF的SEM图[47]（a）整体图（b）局部图

Fig.3 SEM images of modified MDF[47]

图4 β?CD@MRHC的合成示意图[49]

Fig.4 β?CD@MRHC synthesis schematic[49]

图5 改性β?CD@MRHC的SEM图像[49]

Fig.5 SEM image of modified β?CD@MRHC[49]

图6 DPTA修饰磁性纤维素水凝胶珠机理[50]

Fig.6 Mechanism of DPTA?modified magnetic cellulose hydrogel beads[50]

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