长输油气管道微裂纹弱磁内检测特性研究

doi:10.12422/j.issn.1672-6952.2025.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

油气管道的断裂损坏通常始于微裂纹，弱磁检测法对长输油气管道的微裂纹内检测具有现实意义。然而，管道微裂纹微观结构复杂，传统弱磁检测模型很难实现对管道微裂纹的精准量化计算。基于磁电耦合理论建立了管道微裂纹弱磁信号数学模型，对不同激励条件下的微裂纹弱磁信号进行了对比分析,解析计算了不同深度微裂纹的扩展特性和不同提离值下的信号检测特性。研究结果表明，应力使微裂纹产生的弱磁信号远大于地磁场，且随应力增加其信号差值逐渐增大；弱磁信号随应力增大而增大，当到达微裂纹扩展临界点时，由于微裂纹扩展，磁性能释放，弱磁信号随应力增大而减小；微裂纹扩展后,材料磁力学敏感度降低，线性特征更加明显；微裂纹深度越大，其弱磁信号越强，损伤更易被检测；随提离值增加,弱磁信号呈指数衰减，线性区域信号检测精度最高。

关键词: 弱磁, 管道, 微裂纹, 应力, 检测

Abstract:

The fracture damage of oil and gas pipelines usually initiates from micro?cracks. The weak magnetic detection method is of practical significance for the detection of microcracks in long distance oil and gas pipelines. However, the microstructure of pipeline microcracks is complex, and the traditional weak magnetic field detection model is difficult to achieve accurate quantitative calculation of pipeline microcracks. Based on the theory of magnetoelectric coupling, a mathematical model of weak magnetic signal of pipeline micro?crack is established. The weak magnetic signal of micro?crack under different excitation conditions is compared and analyzed. The propagation characteristics of micro?crack at different depths and the signal detection characteristics under different lifting values are analyzed and calculated. The results show that the weak magnetic signal generated by the microcrack is much larger than the geomagnetic field, and the difference increases as the increase of the stress value. The weak magnetic signal increases with the increase of stress value. When the critical point of microcrack propagation is reached, the magnetic energy is released due to microcrack propagation, and the weak magnetic signal decreases with the increase of stress value. After microcrack propagation, the magnetic sensitivity of the material decreases, but the linear characteristics are more obvious. The larger the crack depth is, the stronger the weak magnetic signal is, and the damage is more easily detected. With the increase of the lift value, the weak magnetic signal decreases exponentially, and the detection accuracy of the signal in the linear region is the highest.

Key words: Weak magnetic, Pipeline, Microcrack, Stress, Detection

中图分类号:

TE832

张贺, 郭颖, 郎宪明, 耿浩, 王艳, 郑福印. 长输油气管道微裂纹弱磁内检测特性研究[J]. 辽宁石油化工大学学报, 2025, 45(1): 82-89.

He ZHANG, Ying GUO, Xianming LANG, Hao GENG, Yan WANG, Fuyin ZHENG. Study on Weak Magnetic Internal Detection Characteristics of Micro⁃Cracks in Long⁃Haul Oil and Gas Pipelines[J]. Journal of Liaoning Petrochemical University, 2025, 45(1): 82-89.

图/表 10

图1 地磁场激励下微裂纹弱磁信号磁力学特性

Fig.1 Magnetic and mechanical characteristics of microcrack weak magnetic signals under geomagnetic field excitation

图2 应力与地磁场产生的微裂纹弱磁信号差值曲线

Fig.2 Weak magnetic signal difference curve of microcracks generated by stress and geomagnetic field

图3 微裂纹弱磁信号磁力学曲线

Fig.3 Magnetodynamic curves of microcrack weak field signals

图4 基于模型计算的微裂纹扩展特性曲线

Fig.4 Microcrack propagation characteristics based on model calculation

图5 不同提离值下微裂纹弱磁信号特性

Fig.5 Characteristics of microcrack weak magnetic field signal under different lifting values

图6 管道打压检测系统

Fig.6 Pipeline detection system

图7 测试点1的微裂纹弱磁信号磁力学曲线

Fig.7 Weak magnetic signal magnetomechanical curve of microcrack at test point 1

图8 基于实验数据的微裂纹扩展特性曲线

Fig.8 Microcrack propagation characteristic curve based on experimental data

图9 微裂纹弱磁信号扫描检测器

Fig.9 Scanning and detection of weak magnetic field signals of microcracks

图10 不同提离值下微裂纹弱磁信号磁力学特性

Fig. 10 Magnetic and mechanical characteristics of microcrack weak magnetic signal under different pick?up values

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