A series of alkylimidazolium chlorate type of ionic liquids (ILs) bearing different length of alkyl chains were synthesized. The desulfurization for the model or true oil using ILs as extracting agent were investigated under different conditions. The results show that the best desulfurization rate was obtained after 90 min under the condition of V［C7mim］ClO3/VOil=5∶1 at 60 ℃ using ［C7mim］ClO3 as extracting [KG*4]reagent. The [KG*4]sulfur [KG*4]removal [KG*4]reached 82.15 % for [KG*4]the [KG*4]model oil (［S］0=1 160 μg/g), 56.09% for the FCC gasoline(［S］0=117 μg/g) and 53.01% for the FCC diesel (［S］0=1 974 μg/g). After the reaction, the fuel oil and ionic liquid can be separated simply by decantation. The ILs were then purified by fractional distillation. The ILs can be recycled at least for 5 times without siginificant loss of activity.
When carbon dioxide was injected into the seafloor, the diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in the water under different conditions, is one of the important parameters to decide whether liquid carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide hydrate can exist stably or not. In the project, the diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in the water were measured at 4~30 ℃, with the pressure under 1 MPa. The results show that the diffusion coefficient is a parameter related with concentration in high pressure condition. By Importing the indeterminate function to describe the process of diffusion related with concentration, the data that refers to diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide-water system were obtained and the calculated mode that contains the relationships between carbon dioxides diffusion coefficient and temperature, concentration was fitted on the base of linear relation of short-time diffusing capacity and the root of time.
The ultrasonic oxidation digestion method was used for the separation and recovery of rhenium from the rhenium-containing ionic liquids, using 35% of hydrogen peroxide solution and acetic acid as the oxidizing agent. When the concentration of the perrhenate based ionic liquid is 2.5 mmol, 35% the H2O2 aqueous solution was 25 mmol and the acetic acid was 15 mmol, keep the ultrasonic oxidation under the conditions of 50 ℃ for 24 h, and then the pH value was adjusted to 9 to 10 with ammolonia solution, 69.07% of rhenium compound can be recovered from the ILs. It has been proved that the recycled rhenium product is ammolonium perrhenate, and the purity is about 99%.
The marine fuel was prepared from residual oil, the ethylene tar and the shale oil. The effects of harmonic ratio, the temperature, different hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) and the compound surfactants exchange on the oil viscosity were studied. The experiment results show that when the m(residue)/m(ethylene) =1∶1.25 and m(tar residue)/m(shale oil)=1∶1.00 blend oil not only viscosity at 180# marine fuel oil products indicator, and the flash point and stability are in line with national standards. When add HLB=12 with anionic and non-ionic surfactant blend oil viscosity significantly reduced. When compound surfactant added at 0.3 persent, the viscosity to a minimum.
The quality of the solvent product is connected to the design and the operation of the fractionation process. Thus, it is very important for people who want to do well in actual operation to use software simulating the solvent fractionation process in order to get a reasonable design and operation data in a short time. Solvent fractionation process was simulated using PROII, thermodynamic methods and distribution of heat in middle part were adjusted, the thermodynamic method was based on BK10, fractionating tower was calculated based on I/O, top, first middle, second middle reflux heat were 52%, 38%, 10% respectively. Simulation results fit the target product distillate range, can be used as references for the designing and reforming solvent oil fractionator.
Fushun shale oil as the research object was investigated. In laboratory an ultrasonic demulsification technology was used to intensify demetalization of shale oil. The effect of various parameters on demetalization of Fushun shale oil were discussed, which were ultrasound-assisted, demetalization agent type and dosage, demulsifier type, subsidence time on the removal of the Fe, Ca, Na and Mg impurity. The demetalization effect with ultrasonic radiation was much better than that without under the suitable conditions. In ultrasonic radiation, the metal removal effect is the best when the demetallization agent(ETCF) mass fraction was 2 500 μg/g and demulsifier R203A, the settling time was 4 h. Under these condition the removal rate of Fe is 80%, and the removal rate of Mg is 90%.
The theory of high frequency desalting technology was illustrated through the application case of high frequency desalting technology on CNOOC Daxie, and the desalting effect on high acid crude oil and it’s energy saving was evaluated. The result shows that by using high frequency electric desalting transformation on first order electric desalting tank of 2.25 Mt/a asphalt unit, the average electric desalting rate has been increased by 6.24%, the oil concent and COD in blow-down water has been decreased by 73 mg/L and 352 mg/L,respectively.Power consumption of electric desalting tank has been saved 20%, average demulsifier consumption of per ton of crude oil has been decreased by 4.13 g, the direct economic benefit was above 1.67 million yuan.
The oxidized wax was prepared by catalytic oxidized reaction of paraffin wax which used BP neural network to build mathematical model of acid value and saponification value influenced by the amount of reactive catalyst and accessory ingredient, airflow rate, reaction temperature and time, and utilized the model of neutral network to calculate the technology condition of preparing oxidized wax through catalyzing and oxidizing paraffin wax. Consequently, optimum technology conditions were gained in order to achieve the objective of reducing experimental number of times.
The saturation of olefins in C5 fractions by two-stage hydrogenation technology has been studied, and the optimum conditions of the process can be determined by iodine value and bromine value tests on the products of first-stage and second-stage hydrogenation. The results show that optimum process conditions of 1st-stage hydrogenation is as followed: reaction pressure 3 MPa, reaction temperature 60 ℃, space velocity 2 h-1 ,hydrogen-oil ratio 300∶1; and that of the 2nd-stage process: reaction pressure 3 MPa, reaction temperature 160 ℃, space velocity 2 h-1, hydrogen-oil ratio 200∶1. Under above optimum conditions, the iodine value of the product declined from 16.3 g(I)/100 g to 0.1 g(I)/100 g, and diolefin saturation level reached almost 100%；bromine value declined from 81.4 g(Br)/100g to 2.5 g(Br)/100g.
The rheological behavior of LWZ polymer solution and LWZ gel were separately studied with rheometer of HAAKE RS600. Dielectric withstand voltage test detected the withstand voltage of gel. The results of rheological test show the polymer solution of LWZ was Ostward de Waele fluid and the viscosity is 120 mPa•s at 30 ℃. Viscosity-temperature curve show when the temperature raised, the viscosity of LWZ base fluid decreased. The test of oscillation stress sweep and oscillation frequency sweep and oscillation time sweep show that LWZ gel owned high elastic properties. In addition, the yield value of LWZ gel is 172.4 Pa. Dielectric withstand voltage test indicated LWZ gel could resist pressure of 0.057 5 MP/m in the height of 1 m and diameter of 126 mm N80 pipe under 100 ℃.
Simulated oilfield wastewater and seawater were used as corrosive mediums, corrosion tests of 20# carbon steel, aluminizing carbon steel and sherardized carbon steel were evaluated via static corrosion weight loss method. The impact factors containing concentration of Cl-,Ca2+，HCO-3 and temperature were investigated. The research results show that the corrosion resistance performance of sherardized carbon steel is superior to 20# carbon steel and aluminizing carbon steel in the corrosion mediums.
The glass fiber as reinforced skeleton, unsaturated polyester resin as matrix materials, then the dust suppression and wind proofing plate was prepared. The effects of the ratio of unsaturated polyester resin and glass fiber, the species of glass fiber, the contents of curing agent and accelerating agent on the mechanical properties on dust suppression and wind proofing plate were studied. The results are as follows: the tensile strength and impulse strength were up to maximum when the mass ratio of unsaturated polyester and glass fiber felt was 3∶1. The tensile strength of dust suppression and wind proofing plates which were enhanced by [KG*4]high [KG*4]alkali、the [KG*4]alkali [KG*4]and [KG*4]the [KG*4]non-alkali [KG*4]glass fiber felt respectively achieved [KG*4]to 55.198，75.249，89.446 MPa. The impulse strength respectively achieved to 30.699,35.367,41.343 kJ/m2. Then the tensile strength of non-alkali glass fiber felt increased 62% than high alkali glass fiber felt, and it increased 18.8% than alkali glass fiber felt. The impulse strength of non-alkali glass fiber felt increased 34.7% when compared with high alkali glass fiber felt and it increased 16.9% than alkali glass fiber felt. When the content of accelerating agent and [KG*4]curing [KG*4]agent [KG*4]was [KG*4]respectively 0.5% and 1%, the maximum tensile strength of dust suppression and wind proofing plate is 89.446 MPa, the maximum impulse strength is 41.343 kJ/m2.
Giant Magnetic Impedance (GMI) of NiFe/Cu Composite Material disposed by single pulse electrod eposition technology was studied. The results show that the GMI reach maximum when the ferrous sulfate content in plating solution was 4 g/L. On the other hand, the GMI value of sample was measured which change with the drive current frequency f from 50 kHz to 2 MHz in order to discuss the relationship between GMI and drive current frequency, the results show that the GMI of sample reach maximum value 190% when the f equal to 100 kHz.
The problem of calculation of penetration range of oil in soil with different particle diameters could be molded by software CFD. It can build three-dimensional flow and mass coupling model with water-oil flowing separately in porous soil media. The simulation shows that oil diffuses in U shape in soil with bigger particles (0.5 mm and 0.221 mm); while it diffuses in egg shape in soil with smaller particles (0.147 mm and 0.098 mm); and oil diffuses in pear shape in soil with tiny particles (0.021 mm and 0.002 mm). The diffusion rate of oil in the six different soils is nearly same in the first minute; the rate increases gradually in five kinds soil with (0.5 mm-0.021 mm) different particle diameters in the next four minutes. The speed in 0.021 mm diameter soil is faster than that in soil of 0.5 mm by 12%. The diffusion rate is nearly same in soil of 0.021 mm diameter and 0.002 mm diameter.
The leakage geometry region of natural gas pipeline was provided. The leakage control equation of natural gas was established on the control volume principle and porous media theory. The numerical simulation was performed on the leakage of buried natural gas pipeline by using computational fluid dynamics software. Through the process of simulation, the concentration distribution of leakage natural gas in soil and air were got. The wind speed affect the diffusion law of natural gas was analyzed, the safe region was confirmed. The theoretical reference for emergency rescue and safety management of natural gas pipeline leakage was provided.
In the process of hot oil pipeline transport, the buried depth of the soil temperature field has a great influence , and the additional insulation layer around the pipe also influenced thermal characteristics of pipeline own. The relationship between the hot oil pipeline with additional thermal insulation layer and the soil temperature field around it was researched under the conditions of different temperature and the different buried depth. The deeper the hot oil pipeline is buried, the less influence the hot oil pipeline is caused by the temperature of the earth. The results show that in summer the deeper the pipeline is buried, the lower is the soil temperature before transport; the temperature of the exterior is cooler for the pipeline buried deeply than the one buried shallowly after stably transporting oil. And in winter, the deeper the pipeline is buried, the higher is the soil temperature before transport; the temperature of the exterior is higher for the pipeline buried deeply than the one buried shallowly after stably transporting oil. Therefore the pipe insulation layer should chose economic thickness to optimize the temperature of the oil pipe, reduce the energy consumption and improve the economic efficiency.
The fluid flow and heat transfer process of circular finned tube with longitudinal vortex generators（LVGs） were numerically simulated with the CFD calculation software FLUENT, then compared with the normal circular finned tube. The simulation results show that the performance of circular finned tube with longitudinal vortex generators is far better than that of the normal circular finned tube. It can be explained from the view point of field synergy principle, which says that the longitudinal vortex generators can enhance effect of heat transfer because it reduces the angle between velocity and fluid temperature gradient.
In order to analyze and forecast the wall erosion in a quench oil hydraulic cyclone, the liquidsolid two phase flow and erosion profile of the wall in a hydraulic cyclone was numerical simulated. The results show that the major eroded regions are the inner wall at 45°～135° azimuth of the gas inlet, the ring section under the inlet, the lower part of cone, and underflow pipe. Moreover, at the underflow pipe, the suspension was discharged rapidly from the outlet and lead to the erosion peak. Based on the simulation results, measure for improving the antierosion performance was put forward. It can provide reference for the longperiod safe operation of hydraulic cyclone.
The use of wavelet wave method in oil pipelines was investigated, and the basic principle of detecting pressure wave and wavelet denoise Technology were gained, the accuracy of leak point location can be gained, while analysis the featured inflection point of pressure wave by using he wavelet wave method. Emulation analysis shows wavelet wave is an effectiveness method to locate the leakage.
The probe shielding design provides a guarantee to measured signals, and this increases the similarity degree of the two measurement signals during the electrostatic sensor design. Meanwhile the choice of PVC tube can also effectively increase the sensitivity of the probe. The question of electrostatic shielding was focused on, and improving the shielding effect is to increase the similarity of the two measurement signals and improve velocity precision. With the shielding experiments it can explain the shielding design is very important to the probe making, and it obtains better measuring results. In the experiments the principle of cross-correlation noise immunity are probed, and the flow velocity was measured with same high at different radial position. Under the guidance of the cross-correlation theory, electrostatic theory and experiment, the experimental device has good repeatability and high measurement accuracy, and repeatability error is in ±2%. Within 2~7 m/s the flow velocity measuring experiment is done, and measurement results of the repeatability error are less than ±2%.
