CH3CONH2/ZnCl2 type deep eutectic solvent was prepared by heating the mixture of acetic acid amide and zinc chloride at 110 ℃. The structure was analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, infrared analysis and viscosity analysis.CH3CONH2/ZnCl2 was used as extraction agent and catalyst, and H2O2 was used as oxidant to remove thiophene sulfide in simulated oil. The effects of n(ZnCl2)/n(CH3CONH2), n(H2O2)/n(S), reaction temperature, agent oil volume ratio and different sulfides on desulfurization rate were investigated. The results indicated that under the optimum conditions of 5 mL oil volume, n(ZnCl2)/n(CH3CONH2)=0.4, n(H2O2)/n(S)=8, agent oil volume ratio 1∶3, reaction temperature 70 ℃ and reaction time 200 min, the removal rate of two thiophene was 87.12%. After 5 cycles, the desulfurization rate decreased slightly.
Cerium oxide is a kind of rare earth oxides of extensive uses. It has a wide range of applications in ultraviolet absorption, luminescent materials, catalysts and so on. Nano cerium oxide has special properties and can be widely used in various fields. This paper combined the research of preparation of cerium oxide based on domestic and international literature including hydrothermal, precipitation, solgel, microemulsion, microwave and so on, and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods.
Taking 3 kinds of atmospheric residue from Shengli, Zhongdong and Suizhong as raw materials and using series residue hydrotreating technology, the residual carbon and four components in raw material were analyzed in the process of removing metal, desulfurization and denitrification reactor. The results showed that the residual carbon, resin and asphaltene mass proportion of 3 kinds of atmospheric residue were decreased obviously after hydrogenation treatment with graded catalyst system. Compared with the raw oil, carbon residue and asphaltene decreased in metal removal process, saturated mass fractions in metal removal, desulfurization and denitrification reactor to generate oil increase regularly, aromatics mass fraction regularly decreased.
The subject of experiment is oilsandsoil with high mechanical impurity. The study on the enhanced removal of mechanical impurities in oilsandsoil was carried out by ultrasonicsedimentation method. The effect factors including ultrasonic separation time, proportion of coking diesel oil, sedimentation time and sedimentation temperature were studied, respectively. The suitable conditions of demulsification and deimpurity in Indonesia's oilsandsoil were investigated by orthogonal experiment. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional sedimentation method, the removal rate of mechanical impurities in oilsandsoil is increased by more than 10% by ultrasonicsedimentation method. With the increase of the proportion of coking diesel oil, sedimentation time and sedimentation temperature, the proportion of mechanical impurities in oil sands decreased and the removal rate of mechanical impurities gradually increased. The proportion of coking diesel oil was the most important factor on the mechanical impurity proportion of refined oil. The optimum conditions for the removal of mechanical impurities by ultrasonicsedimentation method are as follows: the sedimentation temperature of 80 ℃, sedimentation time of 4.4 h, ultrasonic cleaning time 10.4 min and the mass proportion of coker diesel oil of 30.9%. Under the optimal conditions, the minimum mechanical impurity in the oilsandsoil was 0.26%.
Based on the aerial crossing pipeline structure was widely used in the construction of longdistance pipeline, due to the particularity of its structure, crossing structure extremely vulnerable to soil collapse and other geological disasters. The stress field variation law of the horizontal pipeline section of the crossing structure was studied by establishing the finite element model of the interaction between the buried pipeline and the soil. A detailed analysis of the stress changes in the pipeline was obtained when crossing pipeline structure used different horizontal pipeline section. The maximum stress value along with the variation of the settlement range of the horizontal pipeline was studied when the length of the horizontal pipe was 20 meters. The research showed that the range of horizontal section of crossing pipeline structure and soil sedimentation had greater impact on the stress field in the pipeline crossing the structure.
With the development of marine petroleum industry, marine risers appeared a variety of forms. Due to pipe shapes and the complex seabed terrain factors, severe slugging often happened. This special flow pattern damaged the equipment, production and so on. Therefore, the simulation and the research for the severe slug flow of the marine riser system had very important significance. The research was summarized by the domestic and foreign scholars on the severe slug flow of the multiphase flow riser system, including its research methods, mechanism and characteristic parameters and theoretical model, etc,which provided a reference for further study of severe slug flow in riser system.
Dairying placanticline has already entered extremely high water cut period, transition zone have been brought into sharp focus as the potential reserve area. Since the transition zone has a problem of the large amplitude of structure, thin reservoir and complex sedimentary environment, conventional reservoir interpretation method is difficult to satisfy the requirement of accuracy. In order to solve this problem, the method of using the method of reconstructing separation with micro electrode resistivity curve and microspheres was proposeed, and a set of suitable for the technical flow transition zone in the oil field of fluvial facies reservoir prediction has been established. Development of X in Daqing oilfield as an example, through the processing method of dimension, the absolute difference and the amplitude difference of homogenization, the process of logging curve reconstruction in the study area was achieved, and through four key link of inversion, amplitude difference reconstruction inversion in the study area was completed. Confirmed by drilling, basing on the amplitude difference seismic reconstruction inversion to predict drilling coincidence rate is higher. Combining with well drilling in development zone and seismic attributes, II sedimentary microfacies of main sedimentary unit of oil in the study area S was realized. Comprehensive studies have shown that, this method is high precision to predict river, and can be used as a effective method for prediction of oilfield transition zone channel.
In the early stage of the Gaotaizi reservoir in the middle of of Sazhong development zone, the 300 m inverted nine spot area of the injection water well pattern was developed. During the middle and late stages of reservoir development, many problems were exposed in the process of development such as the complex injectionproduction relationship, too large well spacing, inadequate production of reserves and serious enrichment of remaining oil. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the optimization of injection and production well pattern. Combined with the actual production data of Gaotaizi reservoir, three kinds of water injection wells, which are common in Daqing oilfield, are studied based on injection and production intensity, oil recovery rate and water flooding control degree. From the two aspects of engineering methods and economy aspects, the technical and economic limit wells of different well patterns in the study area are discussed. On this basis, four kinds of calculation methods are proposed to determine the reasonable well spacing of high water cut stage of oilfield development.This paper provides a complete set of methods to determine the reasonable well pattern and well spacing, which can be applied to other oil fields with similar geological conditions. The research findings have important guiding significance and application value for the injectionproduction system adjustment of the oilfields in medium and high water cut stage.
The reliability, economy and adaptability of offshore oil and gas field development offshore are determined by the rational offshore development. Based on the evaluation model of single index, the weight of each index and rating grades are established by the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Then, the comprehensive evaluation model that considers reliability, adaptability and economy of offshore oil and gas fields is proposed, in order to evaluate and optimize the engineering model of offshore fields, which is essential to develop offshore field economically and reasonably. The results shows that the model is more comprehensive objective and effective, which could avoid the defects of single index evaluation and provide a more systematic evaluation method for the optimization of offshore engineering modle.
Dynamic reliability models and failure rate models of bolted flange systems were developed, which took into account the failure dependence of components in the systems. It was proposed that the traditional static reliability models could not accurately describe the dynamic characteristics of reliability and failure rate of bolted flange systems. Moreover, the effects of failure dependence on system reliability and failure rate were analyzed via numerical examples. The results showed that the failure dependence had great influences on system reliability. Furthermore, the assumption that components in a system were independent of each other might cause large error in system reliability estimation. Traditional assumption of constant failure rate for mechanical systems might underestimate the system reliability. The increase in the number of bolts could enhance the ability of the system to resist the risk of failure.
The volume of fluid (VOF) model which was a multiphase flow model in ANSYS Fluent software was used to simulate the shellside boiling of helical coil heat exchanger (HCHE), the time relaxation parameter which dominated mass transfer was studied by equivalentevaporating method, and the value of time relaxation parameter was recommended as 3 s-1 for ethane and propane. The value of time relaxation parameter was also verified by heat transfer deviation. The equivalentevaporating method which was proposed could be used in all kinds of boiling simulations, and had good application value for mass transfer calculation.
With the continuous development of gas transmission pipeline technology, application of computer simulation technology in the gas pipeline network is also increasing. The simulation model combined with the computer, can be effectively applied to the actual production, the true performance of the gas flow rule of gas in transmission line to ensure that natural gas pipeline reasonable optimization operation. Based on a comprehensive, systematic study of TGNET, SPS and other software ,useing the equation MBWRS equation of state the most accurate current gas properties calculation, and the fourth order RungeKutta method to solve the gas pipe network steady flow differential equations. And by means of C# software, combined with the advantages of related software, give full consideration to the initial and boundary conditions as well as the gas pipeline JouleThomson effect, etc. The simulation software is developed, and it's more suitable for compressors, pipes, valves, gas and other components of the source of arbitrary network. Compared with the TGNET software, the calculate results are reliable,and can be used as the initial value of the unsteady flow simulation,which has higher engineering application value.
The Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) has significant advantages in nonlinear and nonsteady response signal processing algorithms, but in the actual application process, the EMD existed some defects, in which the modal aliasing and false mode phenomenon is most prominent, the modal aliasing phenomenon can be simple in the 1 intrinsic mode function (IMF) containing more than one order structure of intrinsic mode components. The false mode phenomenon is the frequency component that should not be existed, which has a serious influence on the identification accuracy of structural modal parameters. To solve this problem, this paper studies the above two defects in EMD, and proposes an improved EMD algorithm which combines the fast ICA algorithm (FastICA) in frequency band filtering and independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm. The structure frequency is identified by hilbert transform (HT), and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the the Benchmark structure.
Under the background of Chinese culture, the influence of employee innovative behavior under the transformational leadership was studied, then the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the process of impact was explored.With the method of questionnaire, enterprise employees were taken as the research object from four cities Beijing， Tianjin， Shenyang and Dalian in the north area of China, and an empirical analysis was made of 381 valid questionnaire data. The results showed that transformational leadership was respectively positively related to psychological empowerment and employee innovative behavior; The psychological empowerment was positively related to employee innovative behavior; Meanwhile psychological empowerment partially mediation between transformational leadership and employee innovative behavior.
The real estate has played more and more important effect on our country's economic development, in recent years, the speed of all the real estate was already sputtering. According to the current situation of the real estate, an indicator system was established based on factor analysis which included scale, supply and demand and price to evaluate the comprehensive development of the real estate by using 35 cities data. By using the scientific method to determine the weights of every different factor, the comprehensive evaluate results of the cities real estate were obtained. Then the results of the comprehensive evaluation were analyzed in depth by using the charts and tables, and the cities were classified and reasonable suggestions were proposed based on the cities real estate at last.
