A/O-MBR for Municipa1 Wastewater Treatment and Performance of Membrane
ZHANG Hong-lin, ZHOU Lei, CHEN Xiao-gang, LI Chang-bo, QIU Feng
2010, 30 (3): 1-5. DOI::10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.001
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 382KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The characteristics of A/O-MBR technology for municipal wastewater treatment were studied. According to the change of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus with time, the purification efficiency and characteristics were analyzed. The membrane filtration performance was investigated based on the membrane pressure change with time and the effect of water temperature on membrane characteristics. Moreover, the mechanism of membrane polluting and methods for controlling membrane pollution were discussed.
Related Articles | Metrics

Comprehensive Utilization Techniques of FCC Slurry
CAO Zu-bin, SHI Jun-feng, LIU Jing-jie,JIANG Zhao-kun
2010, 30 (3): 6-9. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.002
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 215KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Daqing Petrochemical Plant FCC slurry as raw material, furfural as a separation of solvent, this method can effectively separate the cracking part and the faction containing mass aromatics in slurry. It was studied the influence of extraction temperature, catalyst to oil ratio and residence time in refined effects. The results show that FCC slurry is separated well in the extraction temperature of 60 ℃, catalyst to oil ratio of 2∶1, at 30 min retention time. The content of saturated hydrocarbons in refined oil up to 80%, has the good FCC performance. The extracting oil can be used as the blending component of the aromatic rubber filling oil.
Related Articles | Metrics

Catalytic Synthesis of Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride
GAO Wen-yi，YU Ji-wei，WAN Su-juan，REN Li-guo
2010, 30 (3): 10-12. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.003
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 222KB ) ( ) 　　
Nonterminal olefin of C₁₃~C₁₄ and maleic anhydride were used as raw materials to prepare alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) in a probe reaction. SO₄^2-/TiO₂ solid acid catalyst was used to synthesize ASA. The catalytic activity and stability of the catalyst were studied. The yield was quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography. The results show that SO₄^2-/TiO₂ catalyst has high activity and good stability in the synthesis of ASA. The optimum conditions are as follows: the calcination temperature of catalyst is 550 ℃, reaction temperature is 190 ℃, reaction time is 5 h, the amount of catalyst is 1% compared with reactant total mass, the molar ratio of nonterminal olefin and anhydride is 3∶1, and the amount of antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol is 0.5% compared with reactant total mass. The yield of ASA reaches 46.8% in the optimum conditions.
Related Articles | Metrics

Investigation on Olefin-Decrement Reaction Rule of FCC Gasoline by Catalytic Cracking
LI Wen-shen, LIU Jie
2010, 30 (3): 13-17. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.004
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 305KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time and mass ratio of catalyst to oil on product distribution, yields of light olefins (including ethylene, propylene and butylene), and group composition of gasoline upgraded were investigated by using micro-reactor and gas chromatograph integrated method in catalytic reformulating. The experimental results show that olefin content in gasoline decreases from 42.6% in raw material to nearly 13.4%, which is met with the requirements of new gasoline standard. The contents of iso-alkane and aromatics are markedly increased from 28.4% and 18.2% to 40.4% and 35.7%, respectively, while the octane number of gasoline is not reduced. Meanwhile, higher yields of light olefins (25%) are also obtained after FCC gasoline being reformulated under laboratory conditions. In addition, higher reaction temperature, longer reaction time, and higher mass ratio of catalyst to oil are beneficial to decrease olefin content of FCC gasoline and increase the yields of light olefins.
Related Articles | Metrics

Relationship Between the Valence Electron Structure and Hardness and Melting Point of Tungsten
LI Fei, ZHAO Xia, JIN Yu-hua, LI Xin
2010, 30 (3): 21-23. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.006
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 160KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Based on the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules (EET), the valence electron structure and bond energy values on each bond in tungsten crystals were calculated. Moreover, the bond network distribution of phase space and the relationship between bond energy and melting point were studied. The results show that the tungsten crystal has the higher hardness because the strongest bond (nA＝0.435 79) and the second strongest bond (nB＝0.085 62 )in W cell constitute a solid network structure. The metal W shows a higher melting point is attributed to the bond energy EA of the strongest bond is higher (113.865 87 kJ/mol).
Related Articles | Metrics

The Preparation of Hydrodenitrogenation Activity of the MoP/TiO₂-SiO₂-Al₂O₃
JIANG Xu，GU Yong-he，WANG Hai-yan*，WEI Min，BAI Ying-zhi，MA Jun
2010, 30 (3): 24-27. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.007
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 260KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The TiO₂-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ composite support was prepared by sol-gel method, and then the MoP/TiO₂-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared in the way of co-impregnation. XRD results show that the diffraction peaks of TiO₂ crystalline phase is due to anatase and SiO₂ is mostly amorphous dispersed in γ-Al₂O₃ cystal surface. After in-situ reduction, the hydrodearomatization (HDA) activity of the catalyst was investigated in the fixed bed reactor. The results suggest that the mole ratio of Ti, Si and Al have a great influence on the activity of composite support catalyst. HDA activity of the MoP/TiO₂-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ catalyst shows the highest activity (65.6%) when the ratio of n(Ti)∶n(Si)∶n(Al) was 1∶1∶4, the Mo loading amount is 20%. In addition, the results also show that the HDA rate of the catalyst with the composite TiO₂-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ support was 19.6% and 13.6% higher than the traditional cataslysts of γ-Al₂O₃ and SiO₂-Al₂O₃, respectively.
Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of Ni Loaded Catalyst With Varying Molar Ratio of Si to Al on the Catalytic Cracking of Mixed Waste Plastic
WANG Ji-lin，WANG Lu-lu，WANG He
2010, 30 (3): 28-31. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.008
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 261KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Three Ni/SiO₂-γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts with varying molar ratios of Si to Al were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The acid property and crystalline phase of these catalysts were characterized by FT-IR of adsorbed pyridine and XRD, respectively. The activities of the above catalysts were also investigated by the catalytic cracking experiment of mixed plastic. With decreasing of molar ratio of Si to Al, the total acid amounts of catalyst were increased, which induce gas and carbon yield increased and yield decreased. However, excess acid amount caused deep cracking, and then the gasoline fraction yield decreased. The 2^# catalyst of all the acid catalysts prepared is the best in this work and exhibits a very high catalytic activity (the gasoline fraction yield exceeds to 40%) on the catalytic cracking process.The gasoline compositions in the products of catalytic cracking were characterized by gas chromatograph. The results show that the acid property of the catalyst can be improved by modulating the molar ratio of Si to Al, and therefore the selectivity of the catalyst can be changed to get more gasoline fraction with high octane number.
Related Articles | Metrics

Product Yield Model of Strengthened Delayed Coking
JIU Qiao-na, ZHAO De-zhi, ZHANG Lei，ZHU Yun-yan，ZHU Ying-di
2010, 30 (3): 32-35. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.009
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 170KB ) ( ) 　　
 
According to the action mechanism of delayed coking, the nature of raw materials and product yield were simulated by Matlab through the collected data. The results indicate that coke yield, liquid yield, and gas yield have a good multi-linear relationship with strengthened delayed coking feedstock density, residual carbon, molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon, and four crude oil components (resin and asphaltene, saturated hydrocarbons, and aromatic).
Related Articles | Metrics

Distribution Characteristics of Shanbei Area Pollutant in the Petrolic Drilling Fluids
WANG Ze-heng，LIU feng，WANG Yan-hua
2010, 30 (3): 36-40. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.010
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 204KB ) ( ) 　　
 
In view of the present situation that there are a lot of waste drilling fluids pollute soil and water in the process of petroleum exploration and development. The drilling fluids in the 5 well fields which is in the north area of Changqing oilfield was choosed to carry on the pollution characteristic analysis. 35 physicochemical indexs and contamination indexes were determined in the drilling fluids. The results show that the waste drilling fluids are ropiness colloid, viscosity high.The drilling fluids’ ingredients are clay, polyacrylamide (PAM) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). COD, mineral oils,NH₄⁺,Cr,Cd,Pb,As,pH,chromaticity and so on exceed standard in the drilling fluids,Zn exceeds standard in some individual well fields, the other over-standard parameters’multiple is not big except COD, mineral oils which exceed standard siriously. COD, mineral oils,NH₄⁺and so on are from formation petroleum and the additives such as PAM, CMC etc, high pH is related to calcined soda or caustic soda, Cr、Cd、Pb、As、Zn and so on are from the sidewall material which is cattied by the circulating mud,which are related to formation lithological composition.
Related Articles | Metrics

SBS Modified Waste Bitumen Mixture Recycling Technology
JIANG De-ling， LIAO Ke-jian
2010, 30 (3): 41-43. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.011
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 167KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The regeneration of waste SBS modified asphalt is the basis of recycling technology SBS modified asphalt mixture. ST-1 and ST-2 which are waste SBS modified asphalt mixture, the waste asphalt were extracted by solvent extraction methods, physical and chemical properties of the waste asphalt and component analysis were carried out, according to the nature and composition, the A^# and B^# agent were chosen as regenerant to deploy the heavy traffic road asphalt that meeting the technical specifications of asphalt pavement (JTG F40-2004) technical requirements for polymer modified asphalt.
Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of KI on the Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Ni-P Plating Coating on Aluminum Alloy
LIANG Ping, ZHANG Yun-xia
2010, 30 (3): 44-47. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.012
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 335KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The effect of KI on the surface micrograph of electroless Ni-P coating for 2024 aluminum alloy was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and corrosion resistance of Ni-P coating in 3.5%NaCl solution was investigated by immersion, potendynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The experimental results show that KI reduces the amount of defect such pole in Ni-P coating, and the crystal grain becomes finer. The surface morphology of Ni-P coating gets more homogenous and smoother. Moreover, the phosphorus content of Ni-P coating is increased by KI. Both factors contribute to a better corrosion resistance for Ni-P coating in 3.5% NaCl solution.
Related Articles | Metrics

Portable Elevator Over-Speed Governor Detector
YANG Wen-ying, SHI Cheng-jiang, LI Wei-jun, ZHU Jian，FU Xiao-yang
2010, 30 (3): 48-50. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.013
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 162KB ) ( ) 　　
 
In order to change the traditional method in detecting over-speed governor, in which the structures of measuring tools are complex, the testing accuracy is low, and the workload is heavy. A device with simple structure, easy operation, and high precision was designed. Inspectors need not measure the wheel diameter of over-speed governor, they simply measure the wire rope diameter and the slot depth. In the process of the wheel rotating accelerated, the mechanical device will issue two pulse signals when the speed reaches to electrical speed and mechanical speed. Detecting device calculates the pitch speed in the two moments based on a formula: electrical speed and mechanical speed. So inspectors can determine whether the over-speed governor is qualified based on the two tested figures.
Related Articles | Metrics

Numerical Simulation of Petrol Temperature Drop in Pipelines During Stopping Transportation Under Water
DU Ming-jun，MA Gui-yang，SU Kai
2010, 30 (3): 51-54. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.014
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 680KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The research of shutdown temperature drop rule in heated oil pipeline is the primary condition to ensure the safe restarts of the pipeline. Because of the complicated geological conditions along the pipelines, the pipelines often cross rivers and lakes. But there is no thermal-storing material such as soil around the underwater pipelines, so the shutdown and restart time of the whole lines depends on the temperature drop of the underwater pipelines. With the development of offshore oil field, the research of safe shutdown and restart rule become very important. Using FLUENT software, enthalpy-porosity technique was adopted to simulate the temperature drop rule of under water line during stopping transportation considering the rude oil concretion latent heat effects in temperature drop, and the position of erstarrungs zone and dilution zone and liquid oil zone was gained in different time. The result indicates that the temperature of rude oil in pipeline drops quickly at the beginning of stopping transportation; in the middle and later period, because the rude oil solidification release thermal and the layer of solidification become thicker, thermal resistance becomes larger, and the rate of temperature drop is decreased. The simulate result is in accordance with the fact.
Related Articles | Metrics

Stress Intensity Factor for Double Circumferential Cracked Elliptical Pipes Under Tension
WANG Wei1,2, XIE Yu-jun2*
2010, 30 (3): 55-57. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.015
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 195KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Stress intensity factor is one of the most important parameters in fracture mechanics. Based on the principle of virtual work and material theory, adopting the crack extending energy release rate, a method to decide the stress intensity factor for double circumferential cracked elliptical pipes under tension was proposed, the G*-integral expression of the crack extending energy release rate and the formula to calculate the stress intensity factor was got. And also the relationship between G*-integral and loads, the dimension of the body and material parameters was given. The comparison of the result of this method with finite element method shows that this method is credible and convenient.
Related Articles | Metrics

Application of RBI Technology on Hydrogenation Unit
LI Bing，SONG Guo-yu
2010, 30 (3): 58-60. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.016
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 411KB ) ( ) 　　
It introduced the concept of risk assessment RBI，the assessment principles of Software RB.eye and the methods and procedures device hidden in the assessment of risk management. It was found that the high corrosion rate through evaluating the furnace fractionator before hydrogenation unit by software.After the tube material upgrade,it found that corrosion rate decreased,reduced risk of low-risk areas.The results show that RBI risk assessment can meet the dynamic demands of risk management device hidden .
Related Articles | Metrics

Face Detection Based on Haar Feature Cascade Strong Classifier and Skin Color Model
LI Wen-na1,2
2010, 30 (3): 61-64. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.017
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 325KB ) ( ) 　　
A novel method of fast face detection algorithm based on Harr feature cascade strong classifier and skin color model was proposed. By using cascade strong classifier, human faces were detected rapidly based on the characteristics of the face Haar. The face region to sentence was selected by using skin color clustering model. The experiment led up to the fact that false detection rate is low and the speed for detection is fast and the algorithm is valuable in practical use.
 
Related Articles | Metrics

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model for Choose Watermark
ZHANG Zhong-yuan, CHEN Ming-ming
2010, 30 (3): 65-67. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.018
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 165KB ) ( ) 　　
 
As an information hide technology for implementing protection of multimedia copyright and content authentication, the digit watermark technology has become more and more useful and practical. But it is difficult to choose a suitable watermark for non-professional staff. For this reason, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was designed. Based on robustness of digital watermarking the model used the methods of Delphi method and AHP (analytic hierarchy process). The experimental results show that fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is convenient to choose watermark. The model is effective and practical.
Related Articles | Metrics

An Improved Method for the Detection of Human Eyes Feature
LIU Wei, JI Yu-bo
2010, 30 (3): 68-71. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.019
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 352KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Blink is an important feature of human eyes. The both eyes were treated as an entirety and the eye area was located by using Haar wavelet. The two eyes were obtained based on facial model, at last blink detection method were got by using PCA method. The method reduced error of eye location using single eye by treating the both eyes as a whole. And based on the result of eyes detection data extraction ,blink detection can be done by using PCA method. The experimental results show the method is feasible and effective.
Related Articles | Metrics

Image Retrieval Algorithm Based on Color-Spatial Distribution of Salient Points
LI Li－jun
2010, 30 (3): 72-74. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.020
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 204KB ) ( ) 　　
 
An image retrieval algorithm based on color and spatial distribution of salient points was proposed. Firstly, Harris color point detector was used to extract color salient points. Secondly, salient points were regarded as clues, and a circular color histogram based on salient points was designed, which combined local color feature with spatial distribution structure of salient points effectively. Finally, information entropy was used, which considered spatial distribution information and decreased complexity. The experimental results show that this method is easily manipulated, and has better performance than image retrieval based on global characteristics.
Related Articles | Metrics

 
Apply Expanded Entity Data to Develop Automatically Born System of Detailed Statement
LAN Xiao-min
2010, 30 (3): 75-78. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.021
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 167KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The structure and data access method of expanded entity data in AutoCAD were analyzed. The automatically born system of assembly drawing detailed statement with technic about expanded entity data was introduced. The information of each spare part in assembly drawing is directly keep to expanded entity data in the text of spare parts ordinal number. So it can avoid lose data and spare parts ordinal number and detailed statement not to in response using other ways. The work of detailed statement draw is turned in brief.
Related Articles | Metrics

Fault Pattern Recognition of Chemical Reactor Based on Wavelet Neural Network
LIU Xiao-qin
2010, 30 (3): 79-81. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.022
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 337KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Using the multilayer forward neural networks(MFNN) based on back propagation(BP) algorithm, the relationship between the process measurements and fault type was constructed, the identification of the normal state and fault state was achieved. For improving the accuracy of identification, wavelet technology was used, the activation function of MFNN was modified and wavelet neural network (WNN) was constructed. The simulation results of a classical reaction process of chemical reactor show that WNN has higher accuracy than MFNN for fault identification.
Related Articles | Metrics

Method of Motion Trajectory Detection Based on Sequence Images
WANG Zhao-fu, CHEN Shao-wei, JI Yu-bo
2010, 30 (3): 82-85. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.023
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 326KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The moving object trace detection based on sequence images is a critical technology of target recognition and track processing. The core of the motion trajectory detection is the contour character extraction of the moving object, however traditional algorithms only highlights partial characters of the contour because of the different factors. On the basis of extracting different characteristic information from traditional algorithms, the multi-template integration edge detection method of ant colony clustering was adopted to obtain the edge of moving object. The experimental results show that this method can obtain relatively complete characteristic information in the course of trace detection and can attain the trace of the object more effectively.
Related Articles | Metrics

Contribution of Knowledge to China’s Economic Growth
HAN Cheng
2010, 30 (3): 86-89. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.024
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 186KB ) ( ) 　　
 
In order to prove knowledge has become the most active driving force in China’s economic growth, a regression equation was used in this paper, according to TFP growth rate, based on Solow Growth Equation. By introducing the data of real GDP, labor input and capital input, all data over the period 1979-2005, the capital-output elasticity, labor-output elasticity in this test were got. Using capital-output elasticity and labor-output elasticity, then the economic contribution rate of labor, capital and knowledge were got. Through data analysis, it was determined that knowledge has a great impact on economic growth. Because China’s economic contribution rate of knowledge is far lower than the average level of developed countries, the expenditure on R&D and personnel training should be raised, while we should strive to expand space of policy innovation.
Related Articles | Metrics

Core Competitiveness of Enterprises Based on Factor Analysis
SONG Huan-bin, SUN Yuan-yuan
2010, 30 (3): 90-95. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.025
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 237KB ) ( ) 　　
 
Based on the analysis of the enterprise's core competitiveness index system, the competitive assessment index was designed according to the core elements of the core competitiveness; From the perspective of quantitative analysis, the researchers use the quantitative indicators of factor analysis evaluation to construct the theoretical model of core competence. In accordance with the results of the model, companies can nurture the competitiveness strategies from their own characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of the current situation to adapt to the rapidly developing economy with the characteristics of “fast fish eat slow fish”. At the macro level, core competence evaluation model will guide the enterprises to enhance the overall competitiveness. At the micro level, it can help the companies recognize the position of the various elements of core business competitiveness more accurately, and make well-planned strategy system and development direction.
Related Articles | Metrics

Resonant Tunneling in T-stub Low-Dimensional Conductor
MA Jing-min
2010, 30 (3): 96-98. DOI:10.3696/j.issn.1672-6952.2010.03.026
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 184KB ) ( ) 　　
 
The electron resonant tunneling in a T-stub low-dimensional conductor was studied in terms of the lattice Green’s function method. The numerical calculations show that the electrons can pass through the conductor for some Fermi levels. With the increase of the Fermi energy, more and more transport model take apart in the tunneling, and then the transmission increase from 1 to 2, 3 and so on. The numerical calculation results will be helpful for quantum device design.
Related Articles | Metrics