Based on the theory of petroleum disperse system, three kinds of additives with good capability to keep the feedstock active were selected through the viscosity changes of raw materials. The results of experiment indicate that the additive can change the dispersion degree of the petroleum disperse system. When adding the no. 3 additive 0.1%, the solidifying point, refractive index and conductivity of the sample are the minimum, that is, the system is just in the optimum active state. The effect of three kinds of additives to catalytic cracking of the samples of Daqing crude mixes with 26% residue using fluid fixed bed. When temperature is 500 ℃, feedstock is 13.5~14.5 g, catalyst/oil ratio is 6, LHSV is 20 h-1, the yield of dry gas decreases by 2.5%~3.0%, coke yields decrease by 1.5%~2.5%, LPG yield increases by 2.5%~3.5%, gasoline yield increases by 2.5% ~ 3.5%, and the yield of diesel decreases slightly.
New carbon-based solid acid catalyst was synthesized from starch and p-toluene sulfonic acid，and applied for the preparation of biodiesel with soybean oil and ethanol. The effect of reaction conditions such as the reaction time, reaction temperature, the molar ratio of ethanol with soybean oil, the amount of catalyst to the yield of biodiesel was investigated. The new carbon-based solid acid catalyst shows high catalytic activity and good stability, and can easily be separated from the products. The optimal conditions are: the molar ratio of ethanol to soybean oil 8∶1, the amount of catalyst is the quality of soybean oil 7.0%（w）, reaction time 8 h , reaction temperature 80 ℃. Under optimum condition, the yield of biodiesel could reach 67.4%.
As oil sand cleaning agent prepared by our own, the grit carries out separation on Inner Mongolia Zha Lai Te Qi oil under ultrasonic. The effects of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic intensity, cleaning time, cleaning temperature of oil sand separating were investigated. The results show that under ultrasonic cavitations, under the condition of an ultrasonic frequency of 28 kHz, ultrasonic intensity of 7.06 W/cm2, the ratio of cleansing agent to oil sand 0.8∶1, system temperature 60 ℃ , cleaning time 13 min，the oil extraction rate achieve 94 %. The oil extraction rate is improved greatly under the ultrasonic wave action.
The CuSO4/SiO2 solid acid catalyst was prepared by sol-gel and impregnation methods. The CuSO4/SiO2 solid acid catalyst were characterized by XRD、N2-adsorption and NH3-TPD. Cyclohexanone ethylene ketal was synthesized from cyclohexanone and ethylene glycol through condensation, CuSO4/SiO2 as catalyst. The effects of calcination temperature of catalyst, CuSO4 loading, catalyst dosage, molar ratio of reactants, reaction time，types and volume of entrainer on the synthesis were investigated. The results show that the CuSO4 solid acid catalyst has high catalytic activities and good stability. The optimum conditions are as follows: the calcination temperature of catalyst is 500 ℃, the CuSO4 loading is 20%(w), molar ratio of cyclohexanone to ethylene glycol is 1∶1.2. Under these conditions, the yield of cyclohexanone ethylene ketal would be 99.1%.
The catalyst neodymium trifluoroacetate was prepared and characterized with qualitative analysis, then the acetalization of benzylaldehyde and ethylene glycol was studied with neodymium trifluoroacetate as a catalyst. The effect of reaction time, the molar ratio of benzylaldehyde to ethylene glycol, the amount of catalyst and water-carrying agent on the yield of benzylaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal was investigated. The results show that the optimal conditions for the reaction are as follows: benzylaldehyde/ethylene glycol molar ratio 1.1, the amount of catalyst 0.3 g, cyclohexane as a deaquation reagent 8 mL, reaction time 2.5 h, the yield of acetal could reach 87.6%.
A new process-high-load activated sludge (HAS) process is reported for the treatment of municipal wastewater in medium and small cities. The marked characteristics of HAS process are no primary sedimentation basin, high-load, low resident time, good sludge-settlement ability, and no sludge swell. The removing methods of the organic pollutants are mainly of flocculation, adsorption and precipitation. The full-scale test results show that the average removal efficiency of the process is 68% for COD, 65% for BOD5, 86% for SS, 24% for TKN, 20% for TP. The effluent can meet "Standards for Irrigation Water Quality"（GB5084-92）. HAS process can reduce investment, operating cost and area.
Petroleum sulfonate is obtained through sulfonate reaction using extract oil from refining VGO.no.5 in the No.1 refinery of Fushun as raw materials and oleum as sulfonation agent in this paper. And the effect of reaction conditions such as acid/oil ratio, temperature and reaction time on product yield is studied. The yield of petroleum sulfonate is 64.14% when acid/oil ratio is 0.12∶1, temperature is 60 ℃and reaction time is 45 min. After petroleum sulfonic acid is reacted with 10% sodium hydroxide, petroleum sulfonate is obtained by extraction with ethanol and its active substance content is 42.1%, which can be used as surface active reagent.
The ethanol rectification device is the plant in which 95% ethanol is thrice rectified to make it anhydrous ethanol. The process is a batch reaction, the control system uses PLC multi-loop of the series-wound adjustment, to improve the precision of control and the automation. The advantages such as flexible control of PLC, multiple functions, the convenient key technical parameters setting and the open-and-shut interface of the operating system etc. Will finally make it applied extensively in the ethanol rectification device.
Glutamate acid fermentation waste water is a kind of high concentration organic waste water formed during producing monosodium glutamate, which has complicated ingredients and is hard to process. The main treatment technology was introduced. The present status of comprehensive utilization of monosodium glutamate waste water was described. The viewpoint was summarized and expatiated that treatment of glutamate waste water should be combined with comprehensive utilization and cleaner production. This is a new technique development trend of glutamate waste water treating. And a new kind of technique of glutamate waste water treatment is put forward to combine with the whole comprehensive utilization.
A dynamic excitation filter press for drilling fluid is a solid-controlled test machine newly developed for the modern drilling technology. The internal migration dynamics laws of the machine influence strongly the capability and effect for filtration. With foundational dynamics theory employed, the movement performance of solid-state granules on the filter screen of filter press was analyzed, and the related dynamics model is established in this paper.
Eccenter arm is an main part of VSP logging tool, which can make a VSP logging tool lean against the well wall and test stratum parameters exactly. Basing on finite element technology, using ANSYS software, static analysis and modal analysis were made for eccnter arm. Static analysis shows that eccenter arm satisfies strength and stiffness requirements. Modal analysis demonstrates that the first sixth-order natural frequency and vibrancy mode are obtained and sensitivity of feature parameters related to natural frequency was calculated. The reasearch offers a theory guidance for preventing resonance.
Aiming at the lack of the studies of valve train system of diesel engine, an accurate four-mass dynamics model was established based on traditional single mass dynamics model. The gearing chain was separated from dynamics model and simplified to four independent centralized masses. The dynamics characteristics of the valve train system were calculated directly by numerical simulation. And it is indicated that the four-mass dynamics model has its own correctness and superiorities compared with single mass dynamics model.
It is necessary to calculate natural gas thermophysical property parameters in the water power and thermodynamic calculation of pipelines. The method of solving each physical property parameter of natural gas and solving process were introduced in detail. The compression factor of nitrogen gas was obtained by using Van der Waals equation, RKS equation, P-R equation and BWRS equation respectively. It is concluded from the comparison of the experiment data that as a two-parameter cubic equation, the P-R has more accuracy than that of the Van der Waals and the RKS equation, but slightly lower accuracy than that of BWRS equation. But P-R equation has less number of parameters and is easier to compute and determine parameters. Therefore, the P-R equation gets an extensive application in the area of thermophysical property calculation.
According to the nonlinear rotor dynamics theory, a dynamic model that approaches to the practical situation was established for two-span bearing-rotor system with nonlinear oil film. By means of numerical stimulation, the influence of nonlinear oil-film force on the response of rotor system's coupling faults was analyzed. The bifurcation and chaos behaviors of the system were studied under the different work conditions. Nonlinear response diagrams, such as phase plane plots, locus trajectory, as well as amplitude spectrum, were obtained. The complex motion types and their evolvement course of the periodic motion, quasi-periodic motion and chaotic motion were analyzed. The results show that the system of bearing-rotor has abundant nonlinear dynamic behaviors.
According to the particularity and structural characteristics of coal mine motor products, a 13 classification and coding system was designed and a set of DJ-1CAPP system software for motor manufactory was successfully developed. It solved the bottleneck problem of process plan in the motor manufactory.
The technology of applying fuzzy liability design to the harmonic gear drive was introduced, membership functions were determined, fuzzy reliability expressions were deduced, and performance function and standard deviation of various strength calculations were given. An example explains calculation process. The result shows that as a result of considering simultaneously the randomicity and fuzziness of variables, the fuzzy reliability is better than the general reliability under the same conditions.
The difference between COM object and object module of .NET framework was elaborated. And the interoperation realization method between COM and .NET while COM as the server and .NET as the client, and con the contrary while .NET as the server and COM as the client was respectively narrated. Calling COM component in unmanaged code (.NET code) and .NET component in managed code was realized by taking advantage of runtime callable wrapper RCW and COM callable wrapper CCW. Thus, in the situation of the .NET technical maturing, programming of using the COM technology will much less than before. But the COM technology would not be completely replaced by .NET in the near future. So a great deal of existent products which are developed using COM component technology are protected and used through realizing the interoperation between the COM and the .NET technology, which also makes the COM programmers use easily the software based on the .NET technology.
Nowadays, the procedure of IP fragments and TCP flows serial reassembling technology have not been satisfied with the high speed network requirements. Meanwhile, every whole conversation in the network is almost similar from each other. Little distinctions exist among protocols of different application layers. It is suitable for adopting parallel reassembling algorithm. A parallel reassembling algorithm in application layer was introduced. Through this method, the balance of IP fragments and TCP flows reassembling was distributed reasonably in parallel reassembly process. A two-dimensional linked list was used to save key information. Too heavy work load of NIDS was avoided. An example of SMTP protocol was analyzed thoroughly．At last, in the light of the weakness of original algorithm，an improved algorithm was put forward. The whole mission was distributed in parts and computing ability of each node was fully used. So the parallel reassembling was reached. The test result shows that the improved algorithm is much more efficient than that of the original algorithm.
Rolling optimization is the core of predictive control. A powerful optimization algorithm——tabu search algorithm was discussed, and was applied to rolling optimization. The objective function of rolling optimization is taken as taboo subject, a value range of control is divided into several super rectangular spaces, two-major-criteria is used to judge whether each point is tabooed, and the corresponding special pardon rule and termination principle were proposed, which makes the rolling optimization transformed into unconstrained optimization problems. Finally, its effectiveness was confirmed through simulating triangular wave and random signals.
AutoCAD is an open computer aided design system. The system running environment is set through its system variables. When users need exploiting the system, some related system variables in application program should be set under the necessity of applications. In fact, it's difficult for users to master the commonly used system variables. By studying AutoCAD system variables, a technique of automatic tracking system variables in AutoCAD2006 is put forward, and a Visual LISP program of automatic tracking system variables was written. The experiment shows that the program can track all system variables in AutoCAD2006. The resource codes of Visual LISP were given, and its principle and usage were described in details. A applied tool was provided for AutoCAD exploitation users.
Based on the human visual system, a double image watermarking algorithm in wavelet domain was proposed. A piece of meaningful binary image was taken as watermark. On the basis of the original image analysis, the watermark was appended to appropriately selected parts. And double embedment of the watermark was performed through modifying low-frequency and high-frequency coefficients of the selected parts. It is shown that the image embedded watermark has better transparency, and two watermarks robustness complements each other. The algorithm is more robust for handling general images with JPEG compression and noise images.
The superconvergence properties of R-T elements solution of parabolic equation were proved by integral identical equation. Through interpolation post processing for R-T elements, the bulk superconvergence was obtained，and the posterior error estimates were derived.
Using the method of norm analysis, a study was carried on the relationship between the share concentration degree and corporate governance. Taking the samples of textile listed companies of A-share from Shanghai stock exchange and Shenzhen stock exchange as the object of study, parameters such as EPS, ROA and IPOS were taken respectively as explained variables. At the same time, the related index of the share concentration degree was taken as explaining variables. The regression analysis was made from these variables based on SPSS 15.0 and an empirical verification was given from the results of norm analysis. The results show that the share concentration degree is not strongly related to the company accomplishments. But the companies whose share concentration degree is significantly high pay more attention to future planning.
By selecting index system which reflects the listed companies’ performance and managers’ endeavor degree, a linear regression model was constructed. The correlativity between the listed companies’ performance and managers’ rewards was analyzed through software SPSS15.0. The results show that there is no significant relativity between managers’ reward and the listed companies’ performance, and between the companies’ size and managers’ share proportion. While the managers’ annual reward or share proportion tends to be low, the incentive mechanism will suffer a lot from it.
According to the consumption status of rural residents in 2005, using SPSS15.0 statistics analysis software, an empirical analysis on consumption structure of rural residents of 31 regions was made by adopting factor analysis method and cluster analysis method of multiplex statistics analysis. The common factors affecting the consumption structure were investigated. The analysis results show that the support of national policies has a significant influence on consumption structure of rural residents.
