A series of novel Brnsted acidic organic perrhenates were applied as catalysts for sulfide oxidations using 30% H2O2 as oxidant. The structures and thermal stability data of the catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, NMR and TGA. Meanwhile, the effect of various solvents, the dosage of H2O2 and catalyst, temperature and the reaction time on the catalytic performance was studied in details. The results indicate that the selectivity and yield of sulfoxide can reach up to 95% under the optimal conditions, in which the dosage of catalyst is 0.03 mol, the dosage of H2O2 is 2.4 mmol, 40 ℃ and 90 min.
ATRFTIR was used to determine the content of dimethyl carbonate in gasoline. Quantitative analysis was performed based on LambertBill principle. The results show good linearity with the content of dimethyl carbonate in the range of 0.5%~10.0%,whereas the detection limit was 0.15% and the spiked recover rate were 101.4%~118.4% with the relative standard deviations less than 1%. The method proves to be simple, accurate, fast, reproducible and also costeffective.
A quantitative analysis model for the determination of the oxide concentration in a doublecomponent containing model oil is established based on the infrared spectroscopy data for cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol components in model oil, the regression of prominent component, and the regression of back propagation neural algorithm and support vector machine. The infrared spectroscopy data were compressed by principal component analysis and used as input information to develop models. The three quantitative models can predict the respective oxide contents, with the predictive ability of support vector machine model superior to the other two models, showing a good stability of support vector machine model. Comparing with traditional methods, the established model provides a simple, fast, nodamage, costeffective and green determination method.
The regeneration of thiophene saturated ionic liquid obtained after desulfurization of gasoline were studied. Cyclopentane was used as the extractant to regenerate the ionic liquid( \[C8MIM\] BF4). The dosage of cyclopentane, extraction time and extraction temperature were examined. The optimal operation condition, where V(ionic liquid)∶V(cyclopentane)=1∶2 at 35 ℃ for 15 min were obtained. Under the optimal condition, the backextraction rate of the ionic liquid can reach 8238%. The recovered ionic liquid was further applied to the desulfurization of model oil, and the desulfurization rate can reach 62.37%.
CuI was fabricated by an elementdirectreaction route at 40 ℃ in ethylene glycol as solvent, copper powder as oxidant, iodine as reducing agent. The product was characterised by Xray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalytic activity was reviewed as a catalyst in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. The result show that CuI nanoparticles is sheet strcture, its average diameter is about 99 nm at 40 ℃ and its average diameter is about 87 nm at 60 ℃. Addition of CuI in ammonium perchlorate (AP) led to a significant reduction of low decomposition temperature and high decomposition temperature of AP, two decomposition temperture peaks incorporate a decomposition temperture peak, and the temperature of the peak at the high decomposition temperature stage is therefore decreased by 111 ℃.
When buried pipeline was running, there were many factors could cause shutdown phenomenon. This could cause serious economic losses. Oil temperature and soil temperature were the important parameters for pipeline shutdown security. So it was significant to study oil temperature field and soil temperature field for the safe operation of buried pipeline. It was simulated that the excavation area temperature during the shutdown of the pipeline. And the simulation was threedimensional. Calculation areas contained three parts: soil area, pipeline internal area and the excavation area. These temperature fields were changed after excavation. And the changes of these three areas were simulated. The safety shutdown time was obtained by pipeline internal oil temperature changes. The oil temperature was declined after excavation. The influence of excavation area was obtained by observing the oil temperature. The temperature decline reflected the influence range. The results provided a reference for the safety production.
Oil leakage caused by failure accident of submarine pipeline can harm marine environment and affect oil transportation. For different water flow velocities and leakage directions in the case of halfburial pipe, a 2D leakage under water model was calculated by flow filed analysis software FLUENT. The simulation results show that water velocities and leakage angles would effect oil diffusion underwater directly|greater diffusion would occur when oil leakage go against stream with 45°|with larger water flow velocity, more time would be spent for oil floating upon seaair surface, and larger effects on oil diffusion caused by leakage direction would be enhanced. The conclusions of the present work could provide reasonable basis to oil leakage emergency underwater .
With respect to the security issue of storage tanks’ seal ring fire, by taking 10×104 m3 crude oil tank as the research object, using Visual C++ 6.0 programming software to calculate the model domain of seal ring fire and FLUENT programming software, the thermal radiation of burning storage tank was simulated, which could get the thermal radiation in different distance from the burning storage tank and the damage to people and devices in different thermal radiation. The results showed that the burning storage tank radiated heat equably to all around under the condition of breezeless and steady pool fire. With the distance from the burning storage tank increasing, the thermal radiation decreased. When the thermal radiation decreased from 37.5 kW/m2 decreasing to 12.5 kW/m2, the damage to people and devices greatly decreased. Without considering the influence of wind speed and the adjoining storage tanks’ spraying, the safe distance of adjoining storage tank was 35.5 m.
Based on computational fluid dynamic，a fluid solid coupling heattransfer model of submarine in two areas was built，which were respectively the area on seawater and the sea mud area，and the sea mud area was disposed of saturated silt porous. Using the software, the leakage during the process of transmission on naked placed hot oil pipeline was simulated, and the changes of distribution of crude oil in the soil and the water of the sea and the changes of the temperature field were analyzed，and different leakage points were analyzed respectively. The settlement of its own of the submarine pipeline on the naked place and the effect of the pressure in the sea water were considered in the simulation. The simulation results showed that different leakage points had a different influence on the distribution of crude oil|when the leakage in the sea mud area happened，the distribution of crude oil in the sea mud was a arcshape, after a period of time, the crude oil flowed into the sea long the sea mud and pipe insulation, and the top was a sprayshape and the flanks was helix, finally the crude oil flew onto the surface of the sea|when the leakage point was located in the sea area, oil was jet diffusion distribution form and under the action of buoyancy, the crude oil flow gradually onto the sea. As the leak position was different，the water of the sea and the sea mud there had significant differences in the distribution of temperature field. The interface of sea water and sea mud areas had a great impact on the temperature field distribution of crude oil.
The reservoir in Shuangtaizi area in the western depression of Liaohe Oilfield belongs to low to ultra low porosity, low permeability and extra low permeability reservoir and high content of clay mineral, when waterflood development was applied to the extra low permeability reservoirs, reservoir protection measures were crucial. But the traditional test method of sensitivity flow was not the appropriate evaluation method to the tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs, thus the surface area method and the positive inflation method were applied to evaluate the water sensitive of reservoir. And on the basis of the new method to determine the water sensitivity the reservoir of the area in Shuangtaizi was medium to strong, therefore site development needed to take antiinflation measures.
In recent years the multilateral horizontal well plays a more and more important role in the development of low permeability oil and gas reservoir, which is the effective method to exploit shale reservoir and tight sandstone reservoir. In order to further improve the yield, hydraulic fracturing cracks could be used to increase oil and gas production of multilateral horizontal well. Based on the water and electricity resembling principle, the experiment inspected the crack length, osmotic conditions，branch number, the influence of horizontal segment of the openhole and closed conditions. The results show that there existed the optimal length of cracks and the yield of each branch horizontal well was different|there existed yield differences between openhole completion and closure completion under the conditions of the same branch.
The geometric models and finite element models of triscrew extruder with different rotors have been established, and the models have been simulated by Polyflow. The mixing index, shear rate, logarithm of stretching, instantaneous efficiency, the average time efficiency and other evaluation parameters have been calculated using particle tracking method. The results show that, the number of shear and stretching in triscrew extruder in the same period increase with the increase of screw head numbers. Accordingly, the mixing effect is also increased gradually.
Chemical pipeline figure usually contains a large number of valves and fittings, which are the difficult part of 3D reconstruction. Based on the study of simply connected chemical pipeline reconstruction, a method that replaced different valves or fittings with different color segments was proposed. This method helped identify and match pipelines more quickly and accurately, and completed the 3D reconstruction. The main content consisted of the information recognition and matched with the front view and a top view of the pipeline diagram, the storage and access of 3D information, and the study of application examples. The implementation was mainly conducted by using AutoLISP, which was the secondary development language of AutoCAD.
In order to make the people find the appointed places more convenient in the unfamiliar environment, an intelligent guide system based on voice interaction in public places was designed and realized. First, according to the layout of the places, the shortest path could be gotten by Dijkstra algorithm. Then, the system could extract the feature of speech combine with the principle of speech recognition system, and match template based on Dynamic Time Warping algorithm. Finally, the people to arrive at the designated places could be guided by voice interaction. The system software and interface by MATLAB was operated, based on the actual tests, the designed system could be more intuitive and quick to implement the map navigation with speech interactive mode, and the voice recognition rate 87.75%.
In train video, aimed at the obscured phenomenon of surveillance to static background, on the basis of the single gaussian background model, a kind of image block extraction algorithm of background subtraction division and the best segmentation threshold iterative idea was put forward. This algorithm could solve the background model update and shadow elimination of moving object detection. Experimental results showed that the algorithm could effectively analyze the monitoring of shade object in the scene to extract and the data analysis for train monitoring system.
Mine hydraulic system fault diagnosis with a variety of forms can only rely on the experience and knowledge, and this restricts the application of the hydraulic system in mine equipments to a large extent. The simulation experiments were made and a new measuring and diagnosis method was proposed aiming at the phenomenon of appearing the cavitation in hydraulic system. Through the wavelet transform of the static random signal, it was found during the experimental and theoretical analysis that the process of using wavelet transform could accurately diagnose the cavitation appearing and cavitation occurs in hydraulic system of the moment, and it was a bigger help for the fault diagnosis of hydraulic system of the form by the cavitation of the oil pipe. The experimental results show that the method of hydraulic system fault diagnosis was feasible with the wavelet transform to the electrostatic signal, and the judgment was correct in about 95%.
Index data of Liaoning province from 1980 to 2012 in urban and rural resident per capita income and GDP growth was analyzed. From the overall and local angle and correlation coefficients correlation characteristics between the three were obtained, and further the autoregressive model of vector variables was established, and the impulse response function was used to investigate the dynamic relationship between the three. The research results showed that there was a close correlation between GDP growth and urban and rural income growth, but the trends did not synchronized|from the perspective of dynamic link between the three, GDP growth in Liaoning province had a clear role in promoting urban and rural income growth, however the income increase of urban and rural residents had no obvious role on GDP the growth. And the effective measures should be taken to narrow the gap between city and countryside, and strive to achieve synchronous growth of income and GDP.
The four properties and the fundamental model of Bayes’s formula and the importance of solving problems were stated in risk decision. Two typical cases were enumerated, and they illustrated the effectiveness and good results of Bayes theorem in the application process|the drawing and operation process of decision tree method were explained in detail.
An effect produced by foreign banks on the credit availability of enterprise especially small firms when they entered credit markets of developing countries, is the debating point in theory circle and practice. A large number of empirical studies provided a lot of empirical research findings but without explanations. The reasons through the analyses of evolutionary games theory was found that in credit markets of small businesses, and the rational choice of foreign banks was entry while tacit permission was the rational choice of domesticsfunded banks. For the purpose of increasing credit availability of small firms, it had an important practical significance to encourage domesticsfunded banks to change location and actively participate in competition in market so as to ease financing difficulties of small business.
