The electrochemical behaviors of acetylferrocene at a disk electrode in 0.2mol/L LiClO4 solution had been determined by using cyclic voltammetry. Two methods were used to determine the diffusion coefficient of acetylferrocene, in which the rotating disk electrode was motionless and rotational respectively. Electrochemistry experimental results show that the electrochemical process of acetylferrocene at the rotating disk electrode belongs to reversible redox reaction which was controlled by the diffusion. The peak-peak potential ΔEp and the number of transfer electron n were 56.5 mV and 1 respectively. The diffusion coefficient of AFc and AFc+ were 4.74×10-5 cm2/s and 4.47×10-5 cm2/s determined by the currentvoltage curve in static disk electrode. And the diffusion coefficient of AFc and AFc+ were 5.20×10-5 cm2/s and 5.07×10-5 cm2/s according to the relationship of the peak current and the scan rate in rotating disk electrode, which was little faster than that of in static disk electrode. Rate constants of reduction process and oxidation process were 7.17×10-3 cm2/s and 8.31×10-3 cm2/s, respectively.

The synergy effect of microwave/peroxide degradation of the methyleneblue in water is investigated in this study. The initial concentration of substrate, pH, and amount of hydrogen peroxide are examined to see their effect on the degradation performance, respectively. The results show that microwave and hydrogen peroxide have obvious synergy on degradation of methylene blue. In this experiment, the more concentrated of hydrogen peroxide, the more degradation to the methyleneblue. The degradation is enhanced noticeably under appropriate pH, the lowest degradation is noticed at the pH of 6～7. With higher initial concentration of methylene blue, the degradation rate is reduced. The degradation of methyleneblue is a first order reaction, of which the reaction rate constant is 0.189 8 min-1 and the activation energy is 2.76 kJ/mol. The degradation rate can be as high as 95.0%～96.0% in the following conditions: initial concentration 50～70 mg/L, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide 1.0wt%, 473 K for 7 min, pH=3 or 12.

Cationic etherifying agent OMTMA is a key reactant for preparing cationic flocculant, which directly influenced the flocculation effect of final synthetic flocculant. The influence factors on the preparation of cationic etherifying agent OMTMA was studied, and the optimal preparation conditions of cationic etherifying agent OMTMA is as follows: molar ratio of amine hydrochloride to Trimethylamine 2∶1, molar ratio of trimethylamine to epichlorohydrin 1∶0.8, reaction temperature 40 ℃, reaction time 2.5 h. OMTMA cationic etherification agent prepared is excellent on the synthesis of modified flocculant, which has a removal rate of 96.6%.

CaSiO3:Eu2+ ,Dy3+ silicates storage luminescent materials were prepared by solgel method that use ethyl silicate,CaSiO3:Eu2+ ,Dy3  as the starting materials. The lattice structure and spectroscopic properties of storage luminescent materials and the influencing factors on luminescence properties were studied by Xray diffraction, fluorescence spectrum and other analytical tools. The results indicate that the calcination temperature have great influence on lattice structure and luminescence properties of sample. When the temperature is below 1 300 ℃, crystal lattice structure of sample is imperfect. The temperature higher than 1 400 ℃, the sample is prone to produce sintering phenomenon. Eu2+ as luminescent centers and its concentration have great influence on luminescence properties of samples. When the Eu2+ concentration was 0.005 mol, the luminous intensity of sample reached the maximum. In this case, the emission spectrum of the sample was an asymmetrical transmission that the peak located in 544 nm.

The shot coke formation in delayed coking unit in Petrochina Liaoyang petrochemical company is introduced when processed the mixture of Russian and Venezuela vacuum Residue. The production of shot coke has been avoided by optimizing operating parameters and adjusting mixing ratio of feedstock. Production practice has proved that changing operating conditions has no obvious effect on generation of shot coke. Improvement on properties and composition of feedstock is close related with formation of shot coke.

The Separation of oil from the Inner Mongolian oil sand with washing method and its tails treatment for environment protection have been studied. The factors including washing temperature, the reagent weight fraction, the disengaging time and agents sand ratio on oil separation were checked, while in the tails treatment experiment, effect of the weight fraction of reagent on tailings oil content has been studied as well. The experimental results show that best oil separation performance could be obtained under the following conditions: washing temperature 80 ℃, the reagent mass fraction of 8%, separation time of 20 min, sand agent mass ratio of 2∶1. Inner Mongolia tailings treatment by washing multiply with low concentration of reagent, and the mass fraction of the oil content of the tailings can be reduced to 0.3%, which can meet with the requirement of emission standards of the tailings.

The filling, pretreatment of new catalyst of BASF 0466 and the changing of hot spot temperature when the material entered the reactor were investigated. It was found that the activity of catalyst can be optimized by adjusting the air flowed into the reactor and the reactor temperature in pretreatment of the catalyst|while the reaction has begun, the hot spot temperature mainly focused on the catalyst layer of CL4, as the reaction proceeded, the hot spot temperature is gradually transferred to the position of the catalyst layer of CL1. The hot spot temperature from 3 050 mm to move to the position of 650 nm and 550 mm. The hot spot temperature rises from 410.5 ℃ to 431.5 ℃, the hot spot temperature increase of 5.1%.

In this work, controlling the pH of the solution was 8, which ensure that the carbonate exists in the form of bicarbonate. The bicarbonate were decomposed carbonate by heating. The carbonate and zinc ions producted zinc carbonate precipitation, zinc carbonate were decomposed ZnO by calcination. Nanometer ZnO were preparated by homogeneous precipitation. Samples were characterized by Xray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),UV spectroscopy. The rhodamine B(RhB) was aim of degradation.The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the photocatalyst of rhodamine B(RhB) under UV light irradiation.It was studied on effects of catalyst dosage, pH and H2O2 dosage on photocatalytic time. The experimental results show 100 mL RhB was completely photocatalized in 130 min under adding the mass of calalyst was 24 mg ,pH was 4 and the volue of H2O2 was 2 mL.

For low flow waxy crude oil pipeline, certain wax thickness retained after wax removal was beneficial to the economic operation of the pipeline for the wax insulation. From the perspective of security, however, certain wax thickness retained was at risk. With certain wax thickness reserved, diameter became smaller. Once the pipeline stopped or output declined, the heat carried by the unit volume of crude oil in the pipeline reduced, and cooling rate accelerated, the formation of the gel structure speeded up. The permitted stoppingtime of pipeline was greatly reduced. The smaller diameter of pipeline was, the more difficult for the pipeline restarted after shutdown . Meanwhile, after shutdown, paraffin deposits destructively slipped in the pipeline lying areas at certain special locations especially acclivities of tube sections, causing the wax plugging. Pigging regularly and thoroughly was recommended.

Based on the research of the practical application of two pipelines laid in one ditch in projects, according to actual projects, appropriate technical parameters were chosen and the method of numerical simulations was adopted to analyze the feature and discipline of thermal distribution of hot oil pipeline and cold oil pipeline laid in one ditch. On the basis of it, the thermal stress impact distribution along the two pipelines was respectively studied, and the variation regularity of thermal stress impact along two pipelines was obtained. Then the increase of the maximum thermal stress impact of the two pipelines laid in one ditch compared with the maximum one of the pipelines laid separately was obtained, which provided references in application of engineering design, construction, maintenance and other periods.

Along with the rapid growth of the national economy, energy consumption had been going up. At present, the petroleum reserve system in china was gradually perfect, and a large number of crude oil depots would be put into operation. The consumption of steam was very huge during storage, because of the large increase in crude oil storage. Saving energy and reducing consumption had become the most important task. The petroleum storage temperature affected the holding time and heating time, directly related to the consumption of steam. The influence of the storage temperature on the cost of the oil storage tank on different frequency of operation were calculated and analyzed. A premium scheme to provide some reference for energy saving was found, which could complete the task in time and ensure safety by comparing different schemes.

In batch transportation of finished oil products, mixed oil would be produced by adjacent batch oil. The cases of 30°, 45°,60° or 90° for the joint line of the variable diameter part and the straight pipe of the variable diameter pipe were calculated by the CFD software. The conclusion show the relationship and the change law between the angle of the joint of the variable diameter part and the length were researched. The results show that with the angle increased, the mixed oil segment length decreased in the sudden expansion pipe and the opposite conclusion in the reducer, which was coincided with engineering basic phenomenon.

In flow measurement field, the differential pressure flowmeter was used widely. Adopting highprecision calibration system to calibration differential pressure flowmeter，the flow coefficient of the flowmeter was obtained. And the error analysis of the flow coefficient with scientific method was made to draw calibration result and its error accuracy. The results show that the measurement errors of the flowmeter followed the standard, and the flowmeter could be used for the actual measurement in the field.

Engineering design revolved a lot of design data. Partial design data were described in the form of curve chart. Spiral angle coefficient curve was a typical engineering curve and had the characteristics of engineering curves. In the paper, spiral angle coefficient curve was as an example in which scanning image preprocessing, image revision, image cropping, binarization processing, mesh removing, characteristics point extracting of spiral angle coefficient curve were put forward. Furthermore, the least square method was used to fit characteristic points and accomplish digitizing of engineering curves.

The multiway valve well selection program was studied in this paper, including large diameter valve, multiway valve integration scheme, well selection scheme, the sealing performance were studied, which the multiway valve automatic control technology and skidmounted unit was discussed, thus a set of perfect CNC multiway valve well selection technology was formed. This was a core technology of intelligent oil metering station, which played a key role for the intelligent oil metering establishment and promotion of overseas oil fields

In order to analyze and study our country’s real estate price’s and food price’s effects on inflation, the article chooses relevant statistics recorded from the first Quarter in 2000 to the fourth Quarter in 2010, and carries out the empirical test on the basis of the VAR model. As the result shows , inflation has a longterm and stable cointegration relationship with both the real estate price and the food price, besides, the increase of which are contributive to the occurrence of inflation. By comparison, however,the rise of the real estate price contributes more to the inflation, while the influence on inflation caused by the food price increasing last even longer.

Based on the 22 listed companies in general aviation indicator data, DEAMalmquist index method for static and dynamic efficiency analysis was used. The results showed that in 2012 77% of the sample making general aviation listed companies was less than 1.000 in comprehensive efficiency, and the pure technical efficiency and the scale efficiency had not reached the optimal state, resulting in low efficiency of its comprehensive sample did not become a benchmark for enterprises. The period of 20082012 only five companies TFP index greater than 1.000, all the sample enterprises emerged in the phenomenon of regression techniques. Therefore, the technology regression in general aviation companies was the major obstacle. Consequently, the technology progress would be a realistic choice in improving our operating performance level And finally the corresponding recommendations were given.

Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and PANDCD compound with coagulant was used to coagulate solute colloid or suspended particles in dye wastewater from a coloured socks factory. The influence of pH, coagulant dosing quantity, coagulation settling time on the coagulant performance are investigated and the coagulant performance was evaluated by the removal rate of COD and chroma. The results indicate that: compound coagulant in the treatment effect is better than single coagulant|the best operating conditions for compound coagulant to treat the dye wastewater was: compound coagulant dosage 10 mg/L, coagulation settling time 25 minutes, pH=7. In this case, the removal rate of chroma was 97.7%, removal rate of COD was 67.2%.

B a _{0. 6} S r _{0. 4} Co _{0. 9} N b _{0. 1} O _3 --δ (BSCN) perovskitetype oxide was prepared by the solid state reaction. The high temperature chemical compatibility between BSCN0.6 and G d _{0. 1} C e _{0. 9} O _{1. 9 -5}(GDC) were analyzed by XRD. XRD patterns indicate that a week solid solution between BSCN0.6 and GDC takes place after the BSCN0.6GDC composite material was calcined at high temperature. However, this solid solution does not show a negative effect on the performance of the cathode. The mixture of BSCN0.6 and GDC in a weight ratio of 70∶30 was used as SOFC composite cathode and the electrical property, thermal expansion behavior and electrochemical performance were investigated. The electrical conductivity was found to decrease with increasing GDC content|however, the thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) of BSCN0.630%GDC composite cathode decreased, which enhances the thermal match between the cathode and GDC electrolyte. With BSCN0.630%GDC as the electrode, the polarization resistance of a symmetrical cell BSCN0.630%GDC//GDC is only 0.047～0.012 Ω•cm2 in 700～800 ℃. Therefore, BSCN0.630%GDC composite material is a promising ITSOFC cathode.

The source, the composition and the harm of iron and steel pickling waste water are introduced, and the state of art, the principle and the advantages/disadvantages on treating the iron and steel pickling waste water both domestic and abroad were analyzed. The present situation of acid recycling and metals recovery for the iron and steel pickling waste water is reviewed, and acid recycling methods including diffusion dialysis, membrane techniques, evaporation and spray roasting, and the metals recovery methods such as neutralization and precipitation, crystallization, ion exchange and so on are emphasized. These technology can achieve the acid recycling and metals recovery in order to make good use of resources.

The basic physicochemical characteristics of the Tacheng oil shales in Xinjiang province were investigated by a variety of experimental methods and a comprehensive evaluation was carried out. The properties of the oil shales such as oil yield, ash content, volatile component, calorific value, thermal intensity, rigidity and so on were investigated. The experimental result shows that the average oil yield is 7.32%, the average ash content is 65.94%, the average volatile component is 20.41%, the average calorific value is 4.55 MJ/kg, the thermal intensity and rigidity are both similar to the Fushun oil shales. In addition, the compositions of oil shales' ash were analyzed and demonstrated to be S i O2、 A l 2O3、 F e 2O3、 C a Oand MgO. Among them, SiO2 is main composition, followed by Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The comprehensive evaluation result shows that the basic physicochemical characteristics of the Tacheng oil shales in Xinjiang are close to that of Fushun oil shales, and the Fushun furnace retorting technology can suit the process of the Tacheng oil shale in Xinjiang.

With the Yzeolite as a carrier, nickel nitrate as the active component, a sorbent for FCC gasoline adsorption desulfurization is prepared. Treated with moist gas under the different temperature, the prepared adsorbent has a specific surface area 780 m2/g and aperture about 0.742 nm. The prepared sorbent are used for FCC gasoline desulfurization in the microreactor, the effects of space velocity on adsorbent activity of adsorption desulfurization are investigated. The results show that the adsorbent has good activity and its adsorption desulfurization rate reaches 89% when the active component content in the weight of Yzeolite is 15% and treated at 950 ℃, and space velocity is 0.5 h-1.

Base on the twostep method, ionic liquid \[BPy\]\[CF3SO3\] was synthesized from 1,4Butane sultone, ridine trifluoromethane sulfonic acid and py. Oxidationextraction desulfurization of model oil has been carried out with the ionic liquid as catalyst and 30% H2O2 as the oxidant. Desulfurization rate of model oil could reach to 94%, when treating 10 mL model oil with 0.6 g ionic liquid, 0.2 mL H2O2 at 50 ℃ for 30 min. After drying with rotary evaporator, the ionic liquid was regenerated for nextrun use, and the desulfurization rate could be still as high as 70% after recycling 5times.

Alumina were prepared with aluminium sulfate as aluminium source, ammonium bicarbonate as precipitant, using substep aging method and L9 (34) orthogonal table. Factors inculding ammonium bicarbonate concentration, reaction temperature, pH and n(HCO-3)/n（Al3+） were studied. The alumina were characterized by the N2 physisorption and bulk density measurement, XRD and SEM as well. After orthogonal analysis, reaction temperature and pH have significant effect on textile properties of γAl2O3. Optimum preparation conditions were determined by macropore formation, and they were as follows: reaction temperature 75 ℃, pH 8.5, the concentration of ammonium bicarbonate 2 mol/L, n(HCO-3)/n（Al3+） ratio 075. Besides that, Y5 has big pore volume up to 2.02 mL/g, bimodal pore distribution and fibrous particles which have uniform size around 1 μm.

atalytic alkylation of thiophene with laurylene by four kinds of Y zeolite catalyst was evaluated with gasoline as raw material in a small batch reactor. The experimental results show that USY1 molecular sieve shows highest alkylation activity and better selectivity than the other three catalysts. The optimum conditions of catalytic alkylation by USY1 molecular sieve was as follows: the reaction temperature 140 ℃, reaction time 2 h, catalyst to oil ratio 1∶10. Under above conditions, thiophene conversion rate could reach 88.17%, and high activity could be kept after recycling the catalyst 4 times. 

A chlorinefree composite as oilwell cement early strength agent named LL was developed. Combining organic acids A, alcohol amines B and nitrate compound C in a certain ratio, the compressive of cement stone in 6 h as the strength examining index can be designed in optimization test using the orthogonal method. The optimum formula determined by orthogonal was as follows: the weight of organic acids D is 1.0% based on cement，the weight of alcohols amines E is 0.04%，the weight of nitrates F is 4%. Under the optimum proportion, and the performance test of early strength agent LL was carried out after its addition of 2.5% in the cement. The ratio of the thickening time of early strength agent LL slurry to cement slurry is 0.436 less than 0.5, and the compressive strength of cement stone 6 h (39 ℃ and atmospheric pressure) is 11.0 MPa more than 4.0 MPa, they are all meeting the requirement of early strength agent industry standard SY/T5504.4—2008. And it has a good compatibility with the homemade retarders MAM, dispersants FASA and fluid loss AS.

By introducing PCM in the multifrequency principles and using DM produced by Radiodetection company, the article showed respectively the detection results of the anticorrosion layers from Shuwulian to first station, from Shuyilian to Shuwulian and from Shusilian to first station gathering pipelines in Shuguang oil production plant in Liaohe oilfield. The inferior and poor level of the three pipelines was accounted for 50.2%,51.8% and 42.9% respectively on all the anticorrosion layers. The detect results and the verification of suspected leaks were consistent. There were certain limitations when PCM was used only to detect underground pipes .If it was combinated with other detection means, the results would be more accurate.

In order to improve the performance of the conventional segmental baffle heat exchanger's heat transfer, a new type of baffle heat exchanger, namely a spherical baffle heat exchanger was proposed. Numerical analysis models for the spherical baffle heat exchanger which radius of curvature was 0.75D and conventional segmental baffle heat exchanger were established and the distribution of the shell side fluid flow field and the shell side pressure drop and the coefficient of heat transfer were obtained. The results indicate that under the conditions of the same structure parameters and the inlet flow velocity, shell side pressure drops cause by the spherical baffle heat exchanger were lower by8%～11% than those caused by the conventional segmental baffle, while the shell side heat transfer coefficient was decreased by 1%～5% compared with the spherical baffles. 

Because of the natural life of the pipeline and the impact of artificial factors, pipeline leakage accidents occur frequently. It is very important to detect pipeline leaks and determine the leak location to minimize damage and maintain the safe operation of the pipeline. Be aimed at the products pipeline leak, the CFD simulation software was used to simulate changes in the pipeline pressure. Once the pressure changed at the pipe end and beginning, the pipeline leak happened somewhere. Then under the pressure gradient changes of the pipeline end and beginning, the pressure gradient method was used to ultimately determine the leak location of the pipeline. 

Being aimed at the problem of contaminated oil in batch transportation of the same gasoline and diesel on different density condition during product oil flowing through the downhill and uphill, with the help of VOF model, the numerical calculation of threedimensional flow model was established. The influence of contaminated oil from different sequence，density，pipe range on boundary layer region was researched on the uphill and downhill road. The results showed that for uphill pipeline the length of the mixed oil of forward diesel was longer than forward gasoline，and the mixed oil volume of forward diesel was greater than forward gasoline. For downhill pipeline the length of the mixed oil of forward gasoline was longer than forward diesel and the mixed oil volume was greater than forward diesel. During forward the same gasoline and trailing diesel for different density diesel, the smaller density could help reduce mixed oil volume.

CP Oilfield is a dual medium of porosity glutenite anticline structure and is a x3suhshallow heavy oil reservoir. It was developed in natural depletion manner but the development effect was poor. Thermal development method is expected to get the better development effect according to the characteristics of crude oil that has the high viscosity, poor flow properties and buries in the creviced formation. According to the screening criteria of heavy oil development we analyzed and verified the result with reservoir numerical simulation method. The results show that depletion manner + huff and puff is the best development method. The ultimate recovery can be 52%. The reservoir numerical simulation method was farther applied to optimize the parameters and analyzed the sensitivity of the bottom hole dryness fraction. According to the optimized results of numerical simulation, the plan was implemented for one well in CP heavy oil reservoir. It has obtained a good effect in the case of low steam injection rate. This development mode provided a reference significance for similar oilfield.

Through macroanalysis, chemical composition analysis, metallographic observation, and SEM, the leakage reasons for joint of tube of header and coil tube of coal economizer was analyzed. The results show that the alloy element compositions of welded tubes and conversion strength both met the standard of GB 5310—2008. The grains at fusion zone and overheated zone were coarse and even formed widmanstaten structure which made the performance of the zone weaken. Leakage from the joint of tube of header and coil tube of coal economizer resulted in the micro cracks in the weakened region of fusion and overheated zone under the thermal stress. Though throughwall crack was not formed after micro cracks initiation, micro cracks resulted in crevice corrosion and the crevice corrosion accelerated crack propagation from the inside outwords, and eventually caused the leakage.

Wind load is a random load that can lead to the vibration of the coke tower. In order to research the influence on the strength of the coke tower by wind, ABAQUS was used to conduct the dynamic analysis of the wind load and the response of the structure during loading and unloading. The results indicate that, with the effect of wind, the maximal nodal displacement appeared at the top of the tower, which is 0.79 mm|while the maximal stress locate at the node around the skirt, the maximum is 3.26 MPa. Both of the displacement and stress could not cause the failure of the structure. During the loading and unloading, the structure engendered vibration along the loading direction. The vibration frequency was 10 Hz. Under the effect of external loads, it could easily cause the resonance of the structure, which could cause damages to the structure. Therefore it must be taken into consideration during the process of design and operation.

In the processing of downhole accidents especially reservoir head accident, the fish head was not in the middle of the hole, and even attached to the variation of well radius was big. Therefore it was very difficult to implement common fishing method. On the site flexible elbow joints and bending drill pipes were generally to use to look for the fish. It would bend drill pipes many times, then cause waste and even safety accidents. According to this situation, the adjustableangle bend drill pipe was designed. It consisted of top connection, spline body, adjustable sleeve and lowercontact and so on. By adjusting spline body and adjustable sleeve, 0°～4°angle adjustment could be finished. The model machine of the adjustableangle bend drill pipe had been manufactured and applied to many oil wells. The results showed that it was available that the adjustableangle bend drill pipe was applied to fish the fishing head, which was easy to adjust the pipe on wellhead. The application was successful and 300 thousands could be saved per well.

Image superresolution(SR) reconstruction technique is how to produce a clearly high resolution(HR) image from the information of one or several low resolution(LR) images, and it has been received increasing attention from the image processing community. In the paper, the fundamental principles and mathematical models of SR technology based on reconstruction were described firstly, and the history and stateofart of image SR reconstruction were stated briefly according to the classification between the frequency domain method and the space domain method. Secondly, advantages and defects of different methods were analyzed and summarized systematically. Finally, the further research directions for image SR technique of reconstructing based the approach were proposed.

The concept of variable parameter dialog box was proposed, focusing on the deficiencies of fixed parameter DCL dialog box in AutoCAD. The system automatically generated DCL files with the relative parameters according to the quantity of parameter that system actually required. And by the builtin VisualLISP in AutoCAD, the variable parameter dialog box was programmed. This defined and provided a new input method for AutoCAD user on the purpose of secondary development.

Taking listed companies issuing Ashares in the markets of Shanghai and Shenzhen in china as the research samples, an influence of auditor size on audit quality was studied by using multivariate statistical analysis. It indicated that a positive and weak relation between the accounting firm scale and the quality of auditing existed.