In water-cut conventional heavy oil production process, oil and water exist synchronously in well hole and the viscosity of oil/water mixture cannot be tested accurately by conventional coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer. To solve this problem, the agitator is used to build the viscosity calculated mode. The effects of light oil proportion on viscosity of produced mixture have been studied through simulated experiment of well bore temperature field. The oil-water mixture will show the trends of formation of W/O emulsion when augmenting light oil proportion in high water cut well and its viscosity will emerge peak value. The viscosity reducing rate will reach over 99% or more when augmenting light oil mass of water-free heavy oil well, lower temperature will lead to better performance of viscosity decrease.

 

Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was used to determinate the content of bromate in mineral water and drinking water. The effect of reaction time, dosage of hydrochloric acid, dosage of potassium iodide, working curve and recovery were studied, and the content of bromate in mineral water and drinking water was tested ]in absence of the light as 10.33 and 9.33 μg/L, respectively. The recovery of mineral water is 96.03%~105.59%, while the recovery of drinking water is 95.89%~96.12%. The precision and detection limit of this method are 0.36 and 0.108, respectively. 

 

The deacidification of Liaohe straight-run diesel with combination solvent in the alcohol-ammonia process was carried out. Effects of solvent composition, demulsifier type and amount and the operating conditions on the deacidification ratio and the yields of diesel were all studied. The suitable mass composition of solvent mixture is 5% NH ₃·H ₂O, 50% ethanol, 45% water and 0.4 μL NP6 demulsifier for 20 mL diesel. Operating conditions are as followings, the volume ratio of solvent to diesel 0.2, the treatment temperature 50 ℃, the processing time 60 seconds and the phase separation time is 20 minutes. The acid value of the diesel after deacidification comes up to the standard GB/T264-83 (acid value<5 mg(KOH)/(100 mL)). The solvent can be recycled by distillation and no waste generates, the naphthenic acid can be obtained by heating the distillation residues.

Clarification of p-aminophenol feed containing Raney nickel catalyst by micro-filtration (MF) of ceramic membrane has been investigated. The experiments in the lab confirmed filtration the p-aminophenol feed by the ceramic membrane with pore size of 0.2 μm. The component of the cake and fouled membrane in pilot tests were analyzed and found that the pollutants were mainly Raney nickel catalyst. In the industrial application, an effective cleaning method to recover the membrane flux was suggested as follows: firstly washing with circulate solution of alcohol-water for 10 minutes; then rinsing the rig with 1vol% NaOH solution for 20 minutes; and 3% nitric acid solution for 60 minutes; finally industrial soft water for 60 minutes. The above cleaning operations were all performed at 100 ℃. The average permeate flux of a long running in the plant was 400 L/(m ²·h). The nickel content in the permeate liquid could not be determined by an atomic absorption spectrometry. So that in industrial conditions the Microfiltration of PAP suspension by a ceramic membrane is a reliable and efficient technology of the clarification.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Introduced a new method to do parameter two dimension assemblage conceal with Wipeout in AutoCAD2004 or hereinbefore. By disperse scatter to dispose circle and arc, define hidden border line, define anonymous block graph, two dimension assemblage conceal with Wipeout was achieved. Compare with the methods of Boundary and Shademode to conceal, it don't affect to edit graph, and make use much simple, even achieve instant to conceal. It was realized by VisualLISP in AutoCAD.

Chaos is an important research direction in ecology and the number of species in a chaotic state has complex movements in strange attractor. The three species ratio dependent food chain model with Holling Ⅱ functional response was established. The boundedness of species was obtained by differential inequality. The quantitative analysis of the three species food chain model was investigated by numerical simulations and the existence of chaotic dynamic was studied by the bifurcation diagrams. The strange attractor was obtained for suitable choice of parametric values and is existence via double periods. The appearance of chaos in this model suggests that chaotic dynamics may be common in natural food webs.

The characterization of self-adjoint domains for symmetric differential operators with interior singular points in the direct sum spaces was investigated. By constructing different quotient spaces, using the method of symplectic geometry. The self-adjoint extensions of symmetric differential operators in the direct sum spaces for the different deficiency indices at (1,1)singular points was studied. The classification and description of complete Lagrangian submanifold that correspond with self-adjoint domains of second order differential operators were given.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Using common quality specifications, the prediction equations for calculation motor octane number (MON) and research octane number (RON) were proposed, including distillation range, density, aromatic content, and olefinic content or bromine value. From a large number of refineries and literature data, about 70% of the sample error is less than 1.2 when MON is calculated directly by means of these prediction equations, and more than 81% of error is less than 1.8 by RON being calculated. Therefore, the ON can be calculated by these equations. It shows that the error of the prediction equations meet the standard requirement. The equations are a rapid, simple and wide-application method for the calculation of ON. They have something referential values for product quality control in petroleum refinery operation．

 

 

 

The noncomplete digestion method was applied to the treatment of lubricating oil sample，i．e．the sample was digested in concentrated nitric acid， and then the product of the digested sample was dissolved in emulsifier Triton X -100 obtaining the homogeneous and transparent solution of the sample.Thus the noncomplete digestion-spectrophotometer method for determination of calcium in lubricating oil was established． The interference ions are masked by EDTA. Experimental conditions are carefully selected. The results show that in the presence of 5-Br-PADAP, emulsifier TritonX-100 and KH ₂PO ₄-NaOH, Ca reacts with 5-Br-PADAP to form a complex with maximum absorption wavelength at 555 nm. Under the optimum conditions Beers law is obeyed in the range of 0～20.0 μg/mL of Ca with the correlative coefficient of 0.999 6 and an apparent molar absorptive coefficient of 3.84×10 ⁴ L/(moL·cm). The average recovery for Ca is 98.03%(n=6) from model samples and 97.4 %～102. 9% in real lubricating oil case with precision of 2.62%～3.13% RSD.