Dealing with oily wastewater by polymer material, the absorbance change before and after treatment with UV spectrophotometry was determined to calculate the oil removing rate. Some factors on the rate of removing oil including the type of polymer material, operation temperature, working time and the amounts of polymer material were investigated, and the experimental results show that the rate of removing oil can reach more than 60% when the polyvinyl chloride is used as the agglomerating material, the temperature of water is 60 ℃, the mass ratio of agglutinating [KG*3]material's[KG*3] to [KG*3]waste[KG*3] water[KG*3] is [KG*3]0.6 g/mL, the working time is 10 min.

A 110 days'experiment was carried out to study a pilot-scale integrative A/O(anaerobic/ aerobic) MBR treating domestic wastewater from an university. Influent wastewater was stopped from day 51 to day 56 and the activated sludge was feeded by faecula and urea, and inlet was restarted on day 57. Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD)，Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD5)，Ammonia Nitrogen(NH+4N) and Total Phosphorus (TP) concentration was investigated in different part of the system. The average removal efficiency of COD,BOD5, ρ(NH+4-N),TP was 95.10%，90.96%，93.02% and 93.37%, respectively, mainly digested in anoxic tank. MLSS and SV in the aeroic tank increased gradually and stayed steadily on 8 600 mg/L and 85%, respectively. SVI was lower than 112.1 mg/L during the whole experiment. The value of MLVSS/MLSS, which reflects the sludge activity, descended slightly in 110 days'study, especially on the anaphase. The results shows a promising future for the application of this system for municipal wastewater reclamation.

Amorphous carbon-based material prepared from expanded starch and p-toluene sulfonic acid has been examined as a novel strong solid acid catalyst. The catalytic performances were studied on esterification of oleic acids with ethanol. The effects of molar ratio of alcohol with oleic acid, catalyst concentration and reaction time were discussed. The results of XRD and acid-base titration indicated the incompletely carbonization of the mixtures of expanded starch and p-toluene sulfonic acid results in amorphous carbon consisting of small polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets. The results indicate that carbon-based catalysts are highly effective, minimally polluting and reusable catalysts that are highly suited to the production of biodiesel from waste oils with a high acid value. When the esterification reaction was carried out with molar ratio of ethanol to oleic acid of 8∶1, reaction time of 6.0 h and w(catalyst) 5.0％，the maximum yield of ethyl oleate was 83.78％. There was very little change in the catalytic activity of the regenerated catalyst, even after six cycles.

The PAM-SA new water-series extinguisher was prepared by mixed method with polyacrylamide（PAM） and super absorbent materia（SA）as raw materials. The scope of application of test sample including water-retention ratio, water absorption, viscosity and pH was studied. The results show that when PAM/SA mass ratio is 1∶1, water-retention ratio is 100%，water absorption is 135，viscosity is 2 103.6 mm2/s and pH value is 5.0~9.0，the extinguisher prepared has best Fire-extinguishing capability. 

The process of oxidation reactions and solvent extraction for coking diesel with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant and methanol as the extractant was studied. The influences of the oxidants amount, reaction time, oxidation temperature, the ratio of oxidants to catalyst, the ratio of oil to extraction agent were investigated. The optimal operation conditions are as follows: reaction temperature 60 ℃，oxidation time 60 min，volume ratio of oxidants to diesel 0.1，formic acid as a catalyst，volume ratio of oxidants to catalyst 1.0; volume ratio of extraction to oil 1.0，extracting at room temperature for 20 min. The results show that the yield of diesel fuel is 93.0%，and the sulfur content of diesel can be reduced to less than 350 μg/g.

The paper presents the demetallization from Liaohe coker gasoline under the ultrasound radiation. The effect of ultrasound-assisted, demetallization agent and its amount, reaction time in demetallization were studied, in order to obtain optimum processing parameter during demetallization. The results show that high metal removal effect will be obtained in short time under the assistance of ultrasound. The metal removal effect is the best when the demetallization agent [KG*3/5]mass[KG*3/5] fraction[KG*3/5] is 1 500 μg/g, the ultrasound radiation time is 15 min and the ultrasound intensity is 8 W/cm2. The removal rate of Zn is 90%, and the removal rates of Ca and Ni are above 80%.

The pour point depressant for diesel was prepared by firstly making modifacation of C5 petroleum resin with maleic anhydride, and then modified with octadecanol. Four factors were studied on the influence of freezing point and cold filter plugging point, which are, respectively, the amount of maleic anhydride and initiator, the time of reaction, the temperature of reaction. The result shows that, the best depression capacity of pour point depressant for diesel is acquired with the amount of maleic anhydride is 15%，and the amount of the initiator is 1.0%, and the temperature is 180 ℃ and the time is 3.0 h.

A method of solvent extraction to separate heavy aromatics was adopted from furfural extraction oil, which is used to produce rubber softener. This provides a good technique for taking good advantage of the extraction oil. The results show that with the furfural as the extract reagent, under the condition of the extract temperature is 60 ℃， the mass ratio of solvent to oil is 2.0， extract time 3 min，the sedimentation time is 30 min. After furfural extraction, the rubber softener satisfies the standard of rubber softener. A good macromolecule aromatics rubber softener would be obtained, and the remained oil can be used as the raw material of FCC. So this technology has good application potentials.

The analytical method for antimony element in nickle passivator was studied by microwave plasma torch atomic emission spectrometry (MPT-AES). Using microwave plasma torch (MPT) as excitation light source, argon as support and carrier gas, and peneumatic nebulization sampling system. Some experimental parameters, including microwave forward power, flow rate of carrier gas and support gas, oxygen shield pressure, effect of acid, coexistence ions were investigated and optimized. The detection limits was 1.9 μg/L. The recover was in the range of 99.2%～100.3%, and its RSD was 2.10％. The Linear range of the antimony elements was 0.01～100 mg/L. MPT-AES was an effective and practical method for determination of antimony in nickle passivator.

Oxidative desulfurization of diesel via ultrasound irradiation was studied in the experiment, and then an adsorption process by active carbon follows. Oxidative desulfurization was carried out by catalyst via ultrasound with H2O2 as an oxidant, acid mixture with V（H3PO4）∶V（H2SO4）1∶1 as reaction medium. Activated carbon would be pretreatment by different methods. The effect of the different activated carbon on sulfur removal rate of oxidized diesel oil was investigated. The result of the experiment indicates that the sulfur removal rate would reach 97.70 % when the oxidation diesel oil is washed by KOH before adsorption over activated carbon treated by nitric acid, and the oil yield would be 91.05 %.

Biodiesel was synthesized with the ester exchange reaction from animal oil and methanol catalyzed by solid super base. The influence of the molar ratio of alcohol and oil, quantity of catalyst, reaction time and temperature was investigated. The experimental results show that the optimum condition is the mass fraction of catalyst in animal oil 2% , the reaction time 3 h, the reaction temperature 70 ℃ and the molar ratio of alcohol to oil 9∶1.

Crude iron-rich bentonites were investigated by metallic element analysis. The bentonite samples were grinded and sieved to obtained micro-particles with the size lower than 160 Mesh, then acidification was carried out in order to remove metallic (mainly Fe) impurities. During treatment, the influences of the sort and concentration of acid, acidified time, calcination temperature on decoloring capability were discussed. By means of washing by water, filtering, drying and calcinating, acidified products were obtained, and then tested the whiteness of the product after calcination. In the decoloring experiments, the optimum conditions were obtain as follows: the concentration of nitric acid is 8 mol/L, acidified times 16 h, calcination temperature 550 ℃, calcination times 2 h.Under these conditions, the color of the samples is transformed from brown-red to milky white. The samples whiteness changes from 43.0 to 81.6.

With Ti(OBu)4 as precursor, nanoTiO2 particle was prepared by Sol-Gel method. The temperature of phase transition was studied under different conditions. The results showed that， the beginning temperature of the phase transition is lower when nanoTiO2 was prepared at lower pH value. When vacuum dry was used, the phase transformation was inhibited obviously. However, the phase transformation was accelerated when infrared dry was used.

The difference between the theory heat input and the heat input calculated by Gauss numerical integral method, which was input by Gauss heat source was discussed, when the different integral zone and mesh element size were taken into account. The numerical result is close to theory value when length side of integral zone is equal to 3 times the effective radius of heat source. The lager zone couldn't improve numerical integral precision. The numerical integral result is lower than theory value when the value of Gauss Point is gained by shape function but higher when it was gained by Gauss distribution function. The numerical precision is very high when the mesh element size is 1/6 times the size of integral zone or 1/2 times the effective radius of heat source. The smaller element size couldn't improve numerical precision.

Based on the Pairs-Erdogan crack growth model and with the application of the moment and a crack limit equation of state, the reliability of the steam floating machine under the circumstance of random variable basic parameters was discussed, and a steam-floating impeller crack growth reliability model was established. The reliability of impeller crack propagation life was deduced, which is basically the same with the results of Monte-Carlo simulation. The result shows that the method can give a more accurate forecast results and is suitable for application.

Aiming directly at trivial problems of elliptic gears' design, a new method for shape design and analysis was proposed. First, according to the given transmission ratio's changing law, the most appropriate expression of the function was selected, and the pitch curve obtained. Then with the method of instantaneous radius of curvature, the involute tooth profiles of elliptic gears was shaped. Finally, the transmission ratio was compared and analyzed when a pair of elliptic gears meshing each other. The experiment results show that this new method is not only feasible but also precise.

20g matrix which is common used in refinery equipment and sprayed rare-earth aluminum alloy on it and remelted it was selected. The performance of the coating was studied through tension test and corrosion tests of pH=9 Na2CO3 and pH=6 H2SO4 solution. The result shows that the bond strength of rare-earth aluminum alloy and the matrix increases at about 73% and corrosion resistance has also significantly improved after remelting treatment. Finally, the reasons of the improvement of bond strength and corrosion resistance were analyzed.

In the SAR image processing, wavelet transform has its unique advantages which analyzes image subtly and has fast algorithm that can resolve and reconstruct the image in short time. Partial differential equation's nonlinear diffusion could preserve the edges and textures, but the large SAR image statistics increase the iterative calculation and decrease the efficiency. The method of combining PDE(partial differential equation)'s nonlinear diffusion and wavelet transformation was proposed to remove speckles of SAR image. The experimental results show that the method can not only work quickly but also keep the image's edges and detail information well.

Pattern matching is an important algorithm in intrusion detection system．The efficiency of this algorithm directly affects the intrusion detection system's performance. As in the process of traditional pattern matching algorithm, matches were done according to the character order in the pattern, a pattern matching algorithm based on statistics was proposed. By using the statistical characteristics of the string itself, the algorithm chooses the least frequency substring's characters in the main string as the key characters. According to this characters' position in the main string, jump matching are done. Thus the speed of pattern matching was accelerated greatly. The experiment results show that this algorithm is more efficient than other similar algorithms.

A spatial color image retrieval method without any segmentation step was proposed. Thumbnail of query image was extracted in CIELab color space considering the human visual characteristic.Thumbnails of images were matched using EMD.An unsupervised matching criterion was presented based on a contrario approach. The experimental results show that our image retrieval is more simple and robust, and has better performance than image retrieval based on regions segmentation.

When the number of the training set is very large, the training time and needed memory of support vector machine increase quickly. In order to solve the problem, an improved simplifying method was put forward. The samples which may be support vectors mainly distribute on both borders, so a method which fetches border samples better was used to improve simplifying rate, and decrease the number of samples by preserving border samples and deleting non-border samples. The experiment results prove that the simplifying rate and the generalization are almost unchangeable, so the method is feasible.

At present, the integration of mobile applications and the Internet becomes increasingly popular, and the less-than-truckload transportation logistics information system based on Java ME is a application of this kind. The architecture of Java ME was introduced. The functional design of system and some key technologies were provided for resolving the problems，including high interface API，multithread，HTTP data transfer etc. The system design referred to the MVC pattern. The example simulation of system was represented. The conclusion was drawn for applying this system.

Using the mean-field theory, numerical calculation expressions for the internal energy and specific heat were obtained, within the BC model considering the transverse high spin S=2 ferromagnetic system. The thermodynamic properties were investigated mainly nearby the phase transition points of the system, especially nearby the first-order phase transition points. The longitudinal crystal field dependence of the thermodynamic properties in the system was explored. It is found in the system that there is latent heat of phase transition only in very small crystal field range and the corresponding specific heat decrease suddenly, namely the first-order phase transition appears when the transverse field remains the same value. Then with the increase of crystal field, there is no hidden heat of phase transition in the system, the internal energy changes continuously and the corresponding specific heat suddenly decreases, namely the second-order phase transition appears. When the first order-order phase transition appears specific heat increases suddenly and when the second-order phase transition appears specific heat decreases suddenly. With the decrease of crystal field the internal energy increases and the specific heat decreases within the second-order phase transition range. The internal energy and the specific heat vary complexly within the first-order phase transition range.

The hybrid algorithm based on the Hook-Jeeves search method and the local constriction approach particle swarm optimization (PSO) with linear varying inertia weight (HJ-LLPSO) for unconstrained optimization was put forward. HJ-LLPSO is very easy to implement in practice since it does not require gradient computation. The modification of the particle swarm optimization intends to produce faster and more accurate convergence. The main purpose is to demonstrate how the standard particle swarm optimizers can be improved by incorporating a hybrid strategy. In a suit of 6 test function problems taken from the literature, computational results via a comprehensive experimental study show that the hybrid HJ-LLPSO approach outperforms other two relevant search techniques (i.e., the original PSO and PSO combined with chaos) in terms of solution quality and convergence rate. As evidenced by the overall assessment based on computational experience, the new algorithm is extremely effective and efficient at locating best-practice optimal solutions for unconstrained optimization.

In order to analyze the energy loss of a beam at crystal surfaces, a method was proposed to calculate the corresponding reflectivity and transmissivity. According to the electromagnetic boundary conditions and the phase matching conditions, reflection and refraction of a beam incident from a crystal upon an isotropic medium were studied, and the Fresnel formulas at the interface between the crystal and the isotropic medium were deduced. As the orientation of optical axis is arbitrary, the polarization states and the amplitudes of the o ray and e ray and the refracted ray were given, and the theoretical expressions of the reflectivity and the transmissivity representing energy relations between the rays were obtained, which provide a theoretical basis for developing and applying crystal devices. Numerical simulations show that the results are accordant with conservation of energy; electrical field or magnetic field of the ray refracted to the isotropic medium does not parallel to the electric field or the magnetic field of original incident ray; the direction of optical axis and the magnitude of incident angle have a great effect on the energy and the polarization direction of the refracted ray.

MC nylon was synthesized under the anionic polymerization of caprolactam to investigate the influence of the amount of catalyst and activator on the polymerization time and the crystalinity. The results show that with the increase of the amount of catalyst, the polymerization time shortens notably while the crystallinity increases at first and then decreases, that as the amount of cativator increases, the polymerization time shortens, and that the crystallinity increases at first and then decreases slightly.

Cu(Ⅱ)Coordination Supramolecule（Cu (C9H7NO)2）was synthesized in hydrothermal method, its single crystal structure being determined with X-ray diffraction. Structure analysis indicated that the hydrogen bonds in the crystal made the complex further connected to a supramolecule possessing an 1D infinite structure. Meanwhile, the IR spectrum, UV-Vis-NIR spectrum and the surface photovoltage spectrum (SPS) of the complex were measured and assigned exhibiting positive surface photovoltage responses in the range of 300～800 nm，meanwhile the absorption peaks in UV-Vis-NIR spectrum were in agreement with the responses in SPS. Field induced surface photovoltage spectrum (FISPS) show that the SPV responses' intensity of the complex increases linearly with the increase of the external positive field and reduces with the increase of the external negative field.

A new type of wax for leather polishing and cleaning was developed using paraffin wax and modified paraffin wax as raw materials and self-prepared compound as emulsifier. In the process the effect of the emulsification temperature, time and stirring speed on the property of the emulsified wax was investigated. The results show that a new type of emulsifie wax of good stability can be formed with the emulsifier at the emulsifying temperature of 85 ℃, the emulsification time of 40 min and the stirring speed of 1 000 r/min. It thus turns out that this emulsified wax can be used as raw materials for the preparation of leather polishing and cleaning wax when into it some other surface active agents, polishing agent and other promoters are added.

The catalyst prepared with sol-gel and in impregnation method was used to synthesize cyclohexanone 1, 2-propanediol ketal with silica supported potassium aluminium sulfate(KAl(SO4)2/SiO2) solid acid so that factors of the product yield could be investigated in detail. The results show that the KAl(SO4)2/SiO2 has high catalytic activities. The optimal reaction conditions include the reaction time (70 min)，molar ratio of cyclohexanone to 1,2-propanediol (1∶1.1) and catalyst mass fraction in the total reactants (5.0%). Under the above conditions the yield of cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 99.9%.

Based on the gasoline and diesel annual consumption in the period of time from1998 to 2006, the grey theory and BP neural network methods are used to forecast the demand of gasoline and diesel in 2009 and 2010. The results, grounded on the analyses of the reasons, show that the demand of gasoline and diesel for consumption will increase significantly in 2010, 37and 58 percent respectively against that of the year 2006. 

hermal decomposition behaviours of no woody biomass (straw) and waste plastic (agricultural film) were investigated using TGA．The results showe that the biomass is decomposed at a wider temperature range than plastics, and the transfer efficiency of biomass is lowest because of the high content of ash and fixcarbon．It is exhibited significant synergistic effect created more the light component between biomass and plastic during co-pyrolysis. The kinetic analysis indicates that the pyrolytic processes can be described as first order reactions model, a quite good fitting of experimental data was obtained for all samples studied．The only plastic can be described as the one model, and the only biomass be described as the two consecutive models, than the biomass/plastic co-pyrolysis need be described as the four consecutive models. The activation energies were found to be in the rang of 64.6 ~ 306.6 kJ/mol, and the pre-exponential factors were 1.1×104～3.0×1022. 

Using lauric acid and dodecylamine as template, Ti(SO4)2 and NH4VO3 as metal source, a kind of vanadium-titanium mixed oxides mesoporous material with various V/Ti molar ratios was first synthesized in sol-gel method. And then the final product was obtained, after being calcinated, and characterized by XRD and BET. The results indicated that the material is of mesoporous structure. Part of the vanadium incorporated into the material structure, while the rest might remain at the surface of mesoporous pores in the form of V2O5, n(V)/n(Ti) reaching 0.43. Then with the increase of n(V)/n(Ti) the pore diameter increase while the uniformity of the structure decreased. The material exhibited a good catalytic activity in the reaction of benzene hydroxylation.

Nano-TiO2 sample was prepared with sol - gel to explore the effect of precursor and solvent on the phase transition of Nano-TiO2 in the preparation. The results show that the beginning temperature of the phase transition is lower when nano-TiO2 is prepared with Ti(OBu)4 than that with TTIP. It is also found that the temperature of the phase transformation of TiO2 varies when different solvents are used, that of phase transition from anatase to Rutile being: t(glycol)<t(methanol)<t(ethanol)<t(butanol).

Ozone-active carbon-nanofiltration technology was applied to the removal of the pollutant in drinking water. The result shows that nanofiltration can control the inorganic pollutant within certain regulated ranges while preventing some ions that benefit people from being completely blocked off. For the technology can effectively remove TOC, AOC, COD, chromaticity, turbidity and bacteria, the safety and biological stablization in drinking water is guaranteed.

Using furfural as raw material and VB1 as catalyst preparation of furoin was studied through benzoin condensation in the alkaline condition, pH of 9 to 10. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and the amount of VB1 were investigated. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: reaction temperature: 65 ℃, reaction time: 2 h, the amount of VB1 : 8.0 g. The yield of the product reached 82.7%. The product is white needle-like crystals with the melting point of 138 ~ 139 ℃. Structure of objective product was characterized on IR and elementary analyses.

Based on the molecular dimensions for typical aromatics and sulfur-containing compounds in diesel oil , shape selection and hydrogen spillover, a support was designed for sulfur-tolerant catalysts to reduce aromatics at the second stage. For the purpose a novel molecular sieve composite Y was prepared and the as-synthesized samples characterized with a variety of techniques. The results indicate that this composite is different from the mechanical mixture of MCM-41 and NaY under the same condition. It possesses both a modal mesopore system and a microporous structure of zeolite Y. Moreover this catalyst presents, when loaded with PdPt/H(MCM-41/Y), a promising tolerance to sulfur and a handsome ability of pyrene hydrogenation.

he surfactant which was applied to catalytic cracking of heavy oil was synthesized. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, the mixture ratio of raw material, as well as the input amount of catalyst on acid value and saponifying value of this product were studied. The optimal reaction conditions were determined: Reaction temperature is 135 ℃; time is 3 h; the ratio of raw material is 1∶1.2; w(catalyst) is 0.4%.Intensified FCC shows that the surfactant improves distribution of the product, increased yield of light oil, decreased productivity of coke and dry gas.

Effect of Pb on propert of Sn-9Zn alloy solder was researched by adding elements Pb to the solder by means of TDA, Microhardness tester and so on. The result shows that Pb can remarkably affect propert of Sn-9Zn alloy solder. By adding element Pb to the Sn-9Zn alloy solder, the melted point was decreased, wettablity and microhardness were improved. And microhardness can reach to 31.7 when the content of Pb in the solder is 1.0％.