The content of copper, zinc and nickel in waste active muddy soil were measured by microwave digestion-fire atomic absorption spectrometry（FAAS）, and the optimization condition was studied. The results are compared with that of acid digestion at atmosphere. The results of the above two method are similar. The experiment results show that two steps are suggested in microwave digestion. Microwave power is 340 W, constant time is 10 min, and microwave pressure is 0.4 MPa and 0.45 MPa in each step, respectively. Linear range of copper, zinc, nickel is 0～20，0～12 and 0～25 mg/L respectively. Detection limit of copper, zinc, nickel is 0.300 0，0.030 7 and 0.010 6 mg/L respectively. Average recovery of copper, zinc, nickel in waste active muddy soil samples is 97.6%,98.9% and 96.5% respectively, and relative standard deviation is 1.74%,0.95% and 1.00% respectively.