The intrinsic flame retardant mechanism of bio?based epoxy resin containing pyridazinone structure was explored through resin ablation experiment, scanning electron microscope,X?ray photoelectron spectrometer,thermogravimetry?infrared simultaneous thermal analyzer,and other characterization methods.The results show that compared with the most commonly used petroleum?based bisphenol A epoxy resin, the resultant bio?based epoxy resin is more likely to form a large amount of intumescent carbon layer structure during combustion and release a large amount of non?combustible gases such as CO₂ and NH₃ with less combustible gases.The intrinsic flame retardant bio?based epoxy resin containing pyridazinone structure exhibits a condensed phase?gas phase synergistic flame retardant mechanism. This study provides new ideas for constructing high?performance intrinsic flame retardant epoxy resin.

Mg?Al?LDH was synthesized by the constant pH co?precipitation method,and the micro?structure and composition of the layered bimetallic hydroxides were characterized by X?ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and BET.The results show that LDHs were successfully prepared with a layered structure,a high degree of order,and mesopores.The toluene?n?heptane method was used to separate the asphaltenes in Tahe into heavy component A₁ and light component A₂.The elemental analysis indicates that A₁ had the highest polarity,followed by the Tahe asphaltenes and A₂.This paper further investigated the adsorption properties of Mg?Al?LDH for asphaltenes and their sub?components A₁ and A₂ in Tahe and found that the adsorption equilibrium can be reached within 2~3 h.The experimental data fitted well with the pseudo?second?order kinetics,and the adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity of Mg?Al?LDH was 71.38,140.65 and 39.31 mg/g for asphaltenes in Tahe and their sub?components A₁ and A₂,respectively.

A self?made long?chain cationic surfactant (SFC111) and a low interfacial energy substance (SFC115) were used to prepare a cationic emulsion for further application as surfactant for low permeability oil and gas reservoirs. The dispersion of the emulsion in water, the contact angle of the core before and after the emulsion treatment and the surface tension were investigated by particle size analyzer, contact angle meter, and rotating drop interfacial tension meter, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters of the emulsion at 20 ℃ and 70 ℃ were calculated. Particle size of 0.5% concentration emulsion is D₅₀=420.8 nm at 20 ℃, D₅₀=728.0 nm at 70 ℃.The contact angle of clear water on the surface of the core increases from 10° to 120°. The emulsion could reduce the surface tension of water to 24 mN/m at 70 ℃, indicating the good waterproof lock performance. The adsorption characteristic of emulsion conforms to the langmuir adsorption theory. The thermodynamic results show that as the temperature increases, the amount of adsorption on the surface of the emulsion decreases, the area occupied by the molecules on the surface of the emulsion goes down, and the thickness of the adsorption layer decreases.

Tahe asphaltene (T_A) was separated into heavy component(T_A1) and light component (T_A2). The surface morphology, crystal structure and functional group structure of T_A, T_A1 and T_A2 were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X?ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT?IR) and ¹H?Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrum (¹H?NMR). The results show that TA has less long?chain structure, more branched chains in side chains, and is mainly composed of short branched alkyl structure such as methyl, ethyl and propyl. Sub?components T_A1 and T_A2 show obviously different microstructure after separated from T_A. TA1 has the highest degree of graphitization, the longest branched chain, more side?chains of aromatic ring, less branched chains of alkyl side?chains and relatively strong aromaticity, while T_A2 has lower degree of graphitization, more branched chains of alkyl side?chains, less side?chains of aromatic ring and relatively weak aromaticity.

MB reservoir in H oilfield is mainly carbonate reservoir with pores,and water injection development is the main development method.The quality of injected water affects the effect of the oilfield development.The injected water quality standard of H oil field was studied,and the main control indexes such as the median particle size,suspended matter content,oil content and bacteria content of the injected water were obtained by core displacement experiment and dynamic corrosion experiment.The results showed that the median particle size index of suspended solids was less than or equal to 2.5 μm.Suspension content index was no more than 10 mg/L,oil content indexwas no more than 15 mg/L,the content of saprophyte (TGB) should be no more than 100 per mL,the content of iron bacteria (IB) should be no more than 10 per mL,and the content of SRB should be no more than 10 per mL.The results provide experimental basis for water injection quality standards in H oilfield,and also provide reference for research on water injection quality in similar areas.

The process of succinic acid purifying from product of maleic anhydride hydrogenation was studied. The effects of distillation pressure, temperature and reflux ratio on the process of vacuum distillation were investigated; it also discussed the effects of reaction time and molar ratio of water to succinic anhydride on hydrolysis; meanwhile, the effect of temperature on the crystallization was concerned. The pure succinic acid was acquired through vacuum distillation, hydrolyzation and crystallization. The process conditions of purifying technology of succinic acid were detemined. The results show that the yield of succinic acid is more than 70% and purity of the product can reach 99.5% even more under the conditions of vaccum distillation temperature 75~85 ℃, distillation pressure 200~300 Pa, hydrolysis temperature 100 ℃, molar ratio of water to succinic anhydride 4~5, reaction time 2 h.