This study is dedicated to enhancing the photocatalytic performance of rod-like ZnO via surface modification with Pd and PdCu nanoparticles, with the goal of extending its spectral response and suppressing the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Rod-shaped ZnO was synthesized via the solvothermal method, with the total metal mass fraction controlled at 3%. The structural and optical properties of Pd/ZnO and PdCu/ZnO were comparatively investigated and correlated with their catalytic performance. Experimental results demonstrated that both Pd and PdCu modifications triggered a localized surface plasmon resonance effect, which facilitated the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and enhanced visible-light harvesting efficiency. Compared with PdCu/ZnO, although Pd/ZnO exhibits a wider band gap and a lower proportion of oxygen vacancies, it demonstrates a stronger separation capability for photogenerated carriers and thus achieves higher degradation efficiency. After 30 minutes of light irradiation, the RhB degradation rate of Pd/ZnO reaches 99.7%.Moreover,Pd/ZnO possesses excellent stability, with the degradation rate remaining at 96.9% after five cycling tests.

To address the challenge of wellbore blockage during the development of a certain oilfield, Y3 crude oil was taken as the research object. Laboratory experiments were conducted to analyze the composition of the crude oil and the main components of wellbore blockage materials.Toluene extraction was performed on formation blockage materials collected from the oilfield, and XRD was used to analyze the composition of toluene?insoluble substances. The soluble fraction was separated into four components, with a focus on studying the composition and properties of asphaltenes in the soluble fraction and Y3 oil samples. Through asphaltene adsorption experiments, oil?water interfacial tension, underwater contact angle, etc., were measured to explore the effects of asphaltene polarity and aromaticity on interfacial properties. The experimental results show that the main minerals of the formation blockage of the wellbore are quartz, feldspar, calcite, etc. Compared with the asphaltene in Y3 crude oil, the asphaltene in the blockage has higher molecular weight, heteroatomic mass fraction and aryl carbon ratiowith minimal wax content in blockage materials. The main cause of wellbore blockage was the adsorption of asphaltenes on sandstone. The heteroatom mass fraction and polarity of asphaltenes had significant effects on adsorption capacity and interfacial tension.

In order to understand the temperature characteristic of complex modulus,the correlation between the double logarithms of complex modulus and expressions at different temperatures was studied through ten original asphalts produced by two kinds of crude oil as well as these asphalts after RTFOT and PAV.For the first time,through correlation between the slope and intercept of linear fitting correlation,the optimized mathematics formulas between complex modulus and temperature were determined. Mathematics models for different aging stages were established. Mathematics models are simple,accurate,and practical and show universal applicability by comparing measured data at single temperature with predicted data of three asphalts produced by the third crude oil.The data predicted by mathematics model meet the requirements of reproducibility precision of the test method of complex modulus.