Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution technology plays a pivotal role in promoting sustainable energy conversion and storage,which is essential for achieving carbon neutrality and enhancing the efficient utilization of renewable energy.However, current electrocatalysts still face significant challenges in terms of activity,stability,and cost,which hinder their large-scale application.Alloy catalysts,with their tunable compositions and structures as well as unique electronic properties,have demonstrated great potential in improving catalytic performance.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the performance modulation mechanisms and strategies of alloy catalysts in hydrogen evolution reactions.Specifically,it focuses on three key aspects:Composition design,crystal structure regulation,and hybridization with other functional materials,highlighting their recent advances in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.Representative studies are discussed to elucidate the synergistic effects among multiple metal components in alloy systems and their impact on catalytic performance.Finally,current challenges in rational alloy catalyst design are summarized,and future research directions are proposed,aiming to provide theoretical guidance and technical insights for the development of efficient and cost-effective electrocatalytic materials.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit excellent performance of electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution due to their variable ions within layers,exchangeability of anions between layers,and large reaction surfaces.In addition,LDHs?based derivatives can equip catalysts with multiple functions and better performance,which show significant advantages and excellent application prospects in many fields.In this paper,the properties of LDHs?based lamellar structure,such as tunable property,ability to be delaminated and assembled,and structural memory effect,as well as common preparation methods involved in LDHs?based high?efficiency electrocatalysts,such as the delamination method,co?precipitation method,and hydrothermal method have been stematically analyzed.In addition,the applications of LDHs and their compound derivatives were systematically reviewed in electrocatalytic fields,including the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction by water electrolysis, the electrocatalytic oxidation reaction of ethanol,and the oxygen reduction reaction.Finally,the problems and solutions involved in LDHs materials were analyzed and predicted.