The demand for oxygen-containing plastics has grown rapidly due to their outstanding comprehensive properties, rendering the disposal of plastic waste an urgent environmental challenge. Among existing treatment methods, catalytic hydrogenolysis within chemical recycling is recognized as a green strategy aligned with sustainable development, as it can directionally convert oxygen-containing plastics into high-value chemicals (e.g., monomers, fuels). Homogeneous catalysts possess notable potential in this field by virtue of advantages such as mild reaction conditions and controllable product selectivity. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress in homogeneous catalysts for the catalytic hydrogenolysis of oxygen-containing plastics, focusing on catalyst design, reaction condition optimization, product regulation mechanisms, and structure-activity relationships, which offers theoretical reference for advancing the industrialization of this technology.