To address the issues of low theoretical specific capacity, poor fast?charging performance, and insufficient safety in commercial graphite anode materials, a new type of self?supporting composite electrode was constructed, which achieved an improvement in the comprehensive electrochemical performance of lithium?ion batteries. Using carbon cloth (CC) as a flexible substrate, a Co₃O₄/ZnO heterojunction structure was grown in situ on its surface via the hydrothermal method, followed by heat treatment, successfully preparing a self?supporting Co₃O₄@ZnO//CC anode material. Microstructural and compositional analyses were conducted using characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS, while electrochemical tests were employed to evaluate its lithium storage performance. Results demonstrated that the three?dimensional porous nanosheet array of Co₃O₄@ZnO effectively mitigates volume changes and facilitates electron transport. The Co₃O₄@ZnO//CC electrode exhibited an initial discharge and charge specific capacity of 3.96 and 3.28 mA?h/cm2 at 2.00 mA/cm2 current density, respectively, with a coulombic efficiency of 82.83% in the first cycle and a capacity retention rate of 56.40% after 100 cycles. Both its cycling stability and rate performance outperformed those of Co₃O₄//CC and ZnO//CC electrodes.

The use of ionic liquid to catalyze the alkylation of isobutane and 2⁃butene has become a hot topic in recent years. The investigation on the formation mechanism of chlorinated hydrocarbons during the production process of alkylated oil catalyzed by ionic liquid is of great significance to improve the clean and environmental performance of gasoline. A set of independent reactions of chlorinated hydrocarbon formation system were determined by atomic coefficient matrix method. The Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant of each independent reaction in different reacting conditions were calculated by thermodynamics analysis method, which can be used to evaluate the occurrence possibility of the specified independent reaction in the given reacting conditions, and the results can be used to insight the formation mechanism of chlorinated hydrocarbons during the production process of alkylated oil catalyzed by ionic liquid.