Calcium carbonate has attracted much attention due to its wide range of industrial applications. It is also considered to be the main scaly component in industrial water. Controlling the crystallization process of calcium carbonate is one of the main goals of research in many fields. The presence of foreign inorganic ions changes the rate of precipitation of calcium carbonate and also affects the nature and morphology of the precipitated phase. Combining research progress in recent years, the effects of inorganic ions on the crystallization process of calcium carbonate were reviewed. The effects of common metal cations and anions on the polymorphism and morphology of calcium carbonate were introduced. The mechanism of action was also analyzed, which provided theoretical support for the industrial application of calcium carbonate.