Solid superacid catalyst S₂O {}_{\mathrm{8}}^{\mathrm{2}-} /ZrO₂?CeO₂ was prepared by precipitation impregnation method using zirconium nitrate and cerium nitrate as metal sources.n?Butyl acetate was synthesized through the catalytic esterification of acetic acid and n?butanol over S₂O {}_{\mathrm{8}}^{\mathrm{2}-} /ZrO₂?CeO₂.The effects of catalyst mass,n(alkanol)/n(acid),reaction temperature and reaction time on the catalytic reaction were investigated.The catalyst was characterized by XRD,FT?IR,N₂ adsorption?desorption isotherm and NH₃?TPD.The results indicated that S₂O {}_{\mathrm{8}}^{\mathrm{2}-} /ZrO₂?CeO₂ possesses strong acidity and exhibits superior catalytic activity.The optimal reaction conditions were determined as follows: cerium loading（mass fraction） of 2.0%,catalyst mass of 0.6 g,n(alcohol)/n(acid) molar ratio of 2.0∶1.0,reaction temperature of 115 °C,reaction time of 4.0 h,and ammonium persulfate concentration of 0.5 mol/L.Under these optimal conditions,the esterification rate of n?butyl acetate reached 99.6%.After 5 cycles of repeated use,the conversion rate remained at 59.4%.

A deep eutectic solvent was synthesized by the stirring method with Br?nsted acid (carboxylic acid) and Lews acid (ferric chloride) as raw materials. It was then analyzed with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The results showed that the deep eutectic solvent was formed by hydrogen bonding between Br?nsted acid and Lews acid. Extraction desulfurization with this deep eutectic solvent as the extractant was investigated, and the optimum desulfurization conditions were obtained as follows. When the molar ratio of Br?nsted acid to Lews acid is 1 : 0.5, the desulfurization temperature is 30 °C, and the ratio of solvent to oil is 1 : 5, the proposed extractant demonstrates a favorable desulfurization effect on the simulated oil, gasoline, and diesel.