Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) exhibit tremendous application potential in cutting-edge interdisciplinary fields such as wearable devices and biomedicine owing to their high safety, low cost, excellent electrochemical performance, and good biocompatibility. This paper provides a systematic review of structural-engineering strategies and recent advances in their gel electrolytes, with particular emphasis on the integrated optimization of ionic conduction, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and interfacial stability of hydrogel and polymer electrolytes guided by molecular engineering and interfacial regulation. Furthermore, the development potential and evolution trends of hydrogel electrolytes in flexible integration and biomedical applications are discussed. This research provides novel ideas for the design and expanded application of high-performance hydrogel electrolytes.