With reference to the national standards, the general properties of a mixed crude oil with a Russian crude mass fraction of 30% were measured.A novel metal⁃removal agent for crude oil,featuring a multidentate structure and favorable hydrophilicity, was developed, and its demetallization efficiency was assessed through orthogonal array experiments.The results show that the mixed crude oil is acid⁃containing light crude oil, which mainly contains five metal elements:iron,nickel,calcium,sodium,and vanadium.The new type of crude oil demetallizer shows excellent demetallization performance for mixed crude oil.However,the degree of influence of various operating conditions on the removal of different metal elements varies significantly.Temperature and the intensity of the weak electric field have the most significant effects on the removal of iron and calcium elements,respectively.In terms of total removal rate,the optimal operating conditions obtained from orthogonal experiments are as follows:temperature of 120 ℃,settling time of 10 min,the mixing intensity is 100 times/min,strong electric field strength of 1 000 V/cm,strong electric field action time of 2 min, weak electric field strength of 400 V/cm, and weak electric field action time of 15 min.Under the above conditions,the removal rates of iron,calcium, and sodium elements are all above 94.00%,and the total removal rate of the five metal elements reaches 66.66%,achieving deep removal of metal elements in mixed crude oil,and indicating that the developed new⁃type crude oil demetallization agent has good demetallization performance for this type of mixed crude oil.

In order to quickly define the dangerous distance of leakage in hydrogen?blended natural gas high?pressure pipelines, this study established a mathematical model of small hole jet leakage of hydrogen?blended natural gas high?pressure pipelines in open space by integrating the pipeline leakage model,nominal nozzle model and jet in cross?flow integration model,verified the applicability of the jet in cross?flow integration model under high?speed jet and analyzed the influence of hydrogen ratio,wind speed leakage hole diameter and pipeline pressure on the leakage jet trajectory and the influence of hydrogen ratio,wind speed and nominal diameter on the maximum explosion danger distance.The results shows that the JICF model is in good agreement with the experimental data and the numerical simulation data.The greater the hydrogen mixing ratio,the diameter of the leakage hole and the pipeline pressure are,the less the deflection degree of the leakage jet trajectory will be.The higher the wind speed is,the greater the deflection degree of the leakage jet will be.The relationship between the hydrogen ratio and the maximum dangerous explosion distance decreases linearly when the hydrogen ratio is lower than 44.4%,and increases linearly when the hydrogen ratio is higher than 44.4%.The relationship between the wind speed and the maximum dangerous explosion distance is approximately linear.The nominal diameter is directly proportional to the maximum explosive danger distance.

As one of the most promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, sodium-ion layered oxide has the advantages of high capacity and low cost, which makes sodium-ion batteries have great application prospects in large-scale static energy storage. However, their commercial development has been limited due to poor electrochemical cycle stability and air stability. Compared with traditional polycrystalline layered oxides, single-crystalline layered oxides are characterized by high mechanical strength, low specific surface, and high taping density, and thus can effectively improve the cycling stability of layered oxides and enhance their comprehensive performance. The basic structure types of layered oxides of sodium-ion batteries are introduced in the paper.The synthesis methods of single-crystal layered oxides of sodium-ion batteries that have been reported so far are also reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods are analyzed. Besides, the improvement of single-crystal morphology on comprehensive performance is described and the research status of single-crystal layered oxides in sodium-ion batteries is presented with an outlook of the future development of single-crystal layered oxides for sodium-ion batteries.

Transporting hydrogen?blended natural gas (HBNG) through existing natural gas pipelines can significantly reduce the cost of hydrogen transportation. To evaluate the risk of HBNG pipeline leakage, a high?pressure pipeline small?hole leakage model and a Gaussian plume model are combined, taking into account the lifting height caused by the initial momentum of the jet. The calculation results of the Gaussian plume model are compared with the existing experimental data. Then, the influence of the hydrogen mixing ratio, pipeline pressure, wind speed, and leakage hole diameter on the explosion risk area caused by the leakage of the natural gas pipeline is analyzed. The research results indicate that the calculation results of the Gaussian plume model are in good agreement with the experimental data. The hydrogen mixing ratio is approximately linearly negatively correlated with the maximum distance from the methane hazardous area, and linearly positively correlated with the maximum distance from the hydrogen hazardous area. The maximum distance between methane and hydrogen hazardous areas is approximately linearly positively correlated with pipeline pressure, negatively correlated with wind speed, and approximately proportional to the diameter of the leakage hole.