Abstract: Using waxy crude oil and pure water as the working material, several groups of W/O emulsions with different microscopic droplet distributions were prepared. With microscope and focused beam reflectance measurement instrument, the size and distribution of the dispersed droplets in emulsion were observed and measured. Furthermore, the effect of droplet distribution on the rheology and wax precipitation characteristics of emulsion was discussed. The results show that with the increase of water content, the apparent viscosity of W/O emulsion will be higher, the yield stress, gel point and wax appearance temperature will also increase, while the constant stress will show a gradually decreasing trendency. The phase transition point of Daqing waxy crude oil is about 60% water content.

Key words: Water content, Viscosity, Gel point, Yield stress, Constant stress

摘要： 以含蜡原油和纯净水为工质，制备了多组不同微观液滴分布的W/O型乳状液，结合微观显微镜和聚焦光束测量仪观察及测量分析，得出了乳状液分散相液滴的大小和分布规律，探讨了油包水乳状液分散相液滴分布规律对乳状液流变、析蜡特性的影响机理。结果表明，随含水率的增大，油水乳状液体系将有更高的表观黏度，屈服应力、凝点和析蜡点也随之增大，恒应力表现出逐渐减小的趋势。大庆含蜡原油的转相点为含水率60%左右。

关键词: 含水率, 黏度, 凝点, 屈服应力, 恒应力